Links for Palaeobotanists

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Categories
Taphonomy in General
Plant Fossil Preservation and Plant Taphonomy
Collecting Bias: Our Incomplete Picture of the Past Vegetation
Cuticles
Three-Dimensionally Preserved Plant Compression Fossils
Pith Cast and "in situ" Preservation
Bacterial Biofilms (Microbial Mats)
Permineralized Plants and the Process of Permineralization
Pyrite Preservation
Molecular Palaeobotany
Amber
Upland and Hinterland Floras
Abscission and Tissue Separation in Fossil and Extant Plants
Leaf Litter and Plant Debris
Log Jams and Driftwood Accumulations
Wound Response in Trees
Fungal Wood Decay: Evidence from the Fossil Record
! Cellulose Peel Technique@
! Fossil Charcoal@
! Tree-Ring Research (Dendrochronology) in General@
! The Pros and Cons of Pre-Neogene Growth Rings@
! Trees@
Plant Anatomy@
Teaching Documents about Wood Anatomy and Tree-Ring Research@
! Chemotaxonomy and Chemometric Palaeobotany@


Petrified Forests


R. Albert (2015): The Petrified Forest of Khorixas (Namibia). In PDf. See likewise here (PDF file, in German).

Richard Alley, Pennsylvania State University: Living on Earth I: Evolution & Extinction, Geology of the National Parks. Powerpoint presentation.
Provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

! Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona (U.S. Department of the Interior). Go to: Fossils. Plant and animal fossils representing the Late Triassic. See also: W.G. Parker and Sid Ash: Linnaean taxonomy of Late Triassic Plants of Petrified Forest National Park, and Late Triassic Pollen found in Petrified Forest National Park. By W.G. Parker, data compiled from Dunay and Fisher (1984), Litwin (1986), and Litwin et al., (1991).

S.R.Ash (2005): Synopsis of the Upper Triassic flora of Petrified Forest National Park and vicinity. In PDF. In: Nesbitt SJ , Parker WG, Irmis RB, eds. Guidebook to the Triassic Formations of the Colorado Plateau in northern Arizona: Geology, Paleontology, and History, Mesa Southwest Museum, Bulletin No. 9: 53–62.
This expired link is now available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Bayreuth University, Germany:
Feierliche Übergabe der Leitung der Paläobotanischen Sammlung Rossmann.
Ehrung von Prof. Dr. Rossmann.
In German.

! R.T. Bolzon et al. (2004): Fossildiagênese de lenhos do Mesozóico do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. PDF file, in Portuguese. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 7: 103-110.
About wood fossil diagenesis, e.g. the preservation of the cells of fossil wood, the form of wood mineralization, especially the silicification of wood.

Mariana Brea et al. (2009): Darwin forest at agua de la zorra: the first in situ forest discovered in South America by Darwin in 1835. PDF file, Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 64: 21-31. Fossil tree stumps in growth position.

Mariana Brea et al. (2008): Ecological reconstruction of a mixed Middle Triassic forest from Argentina. PDF file, Alcheringa, 32: 365-393. See also here.-The Darwin Forest consists of 120 stumps in life position!

The Petrified Forest, Calistoga, California.

T.C. Cantwell (2023): The Fossil Forest of Axel Heiberg Island In PDF. See also here.
Note figure 1: Erosion of 40-million-year-old tree stump.
"... Over the years of study and surveying, several stumps have seemingly disappeared. In 1992, 62 stumps that had been recorded in 1988 could no longer be located
[...] Unfortunately, in addition to academic visits by careful researchers, the site was also exposed to some looting, especially fruitless hunts for amber thanks to the release of Jurassic Park in 1993 ..."

! A. Channing and D. Edwards (2013): Wetland megabias: Ecological and ecophysiological filtering dominates the fossil record of hot spring floras. In PDF, Palaeontology, 56: 523-556.

! A. Channing and D. Edwards (2004): Experimental taphonomy: silicification of plants in Yellowstone hot-spring environments. In PDF, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 94, 503-521. Snapshot taken by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

! Museum of Natural History Chemnitz, Germany. Go to: Paläontologische Sammlung. Palaeobotany and petrified wood collection (in German).

Don Chesnut, Geology Department, University of Kentucky: Geology and fossils in Kentucky and adjacent states. Scroll to: "Upper Path Fork coal balls, 1980". Worth checking out: Cordaite with growth rings (peel made by Tom Phillips).

L. Chirino-Gálvez and O. Vicencio-Campos (2023): When Localities are Lost: Scientists, Collections and the Chilean Fossil Wood History at Valparaiso. In PDF, Historia Natural, 13: 243-271.
Note figure 18: Stump of ancient coniferous in the Natural Sanctuary “Fossil Forest of Punta Pelluco”.

H.G. Coffin, Geoscience Research Institute, Loma Linda, CA: THE YELLOWSTONE PETRIFIED "FORESTS". All about the petrified forests of Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming and Montana.
Website outdated, download a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

H.G. Coffin (1997): The Yellowstone petrified "forests". In PDF.
Now recovered from the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

E. Couradeau et al.(2013): Cyanobacterial calcification in modern microbialites at the submicrometer scale. In PDF.

Stadtmuseum im Spital, Crailsheim, Germany:
Exhibition about petrified Triassic wood: "Aus Holz wird Stein Kieselhölzer aus dem Keuper Frankens" June 28 - September 20, 2009. (In German).
This expired link is still available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine. See also here (Amazon book announcement), and there (book announcement, in German).

! G. Császár et al. (2009): A possible Late Miocene fossil forest PaleoPark in Hungary.
! Permineralized tree stumps in situ!
In PDF, in: Jere H. Lipps and Bruno R.C. Granier (eds.) 2009, (e-book, hosted by Carnets): PaleoParks - The protection and conservation of fossil sites worldwide.

Géza Császár et al. (2009): A possible Late Miocene fossil forest PaleoPark in Hungary. PDF file, Carnets de Géologie / Notebooks on Geology, Brest, Book 2009/03, Chapter 11. Lignified tree trunks in situ, partially covered by a fine-grained pyritic sandstone crust.
See also here.

Thomas A. Dillhoff, Pasco, Washington (article hosted by Evolving Earth Foundation Issaquah, WA).
Fossil Forests of Eastern Washington.
Still available via Internet Archive Wayback Machine.

Â.C.S. dos Santos et al. (2023): Stressing environmental conditions in the “petrified forest” from the Mata Sequence in the Triassic context of the Paraná Basin. In PDF, Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 128.
See also here.

R.F. Dubiel (1992): Sedimentology and Depositional History of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in the Uinta, Piceance, and Eagle Basins, Northwestern Colorado and Northeastern Utah. In PDF, See also here (Google books).

Greb, S.F., Eble, C.F., Chesnut, D.R., Jr., Phillips, T.L., and Hower, J.C.: An in situ occurrence of coal balls in the Amburgy coal bed, Pikeville Formation (Duckmantian), Central Appalachian Basin, U.S.A. Palaios, v. 14, p. 433-451; 1999. See also here (via wayback).

B. Erdei et al. (2009): The buried Miocene forest at Bükkábrány, Hungary. In PDF, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 155: 69–79.
See also here.
Note plate 1: In situ upright stumps in the opencast mine at Bükkábrány.
"... fifteen ‘in situ’ stumps standing at their original position ..."

Florissant Fossil Beds, National Monument Colorado. Beneath a grassy mountain valley in central Colorado lies one of the richest and most diverse fossil deposits in the world. See especially:
! Curriculum Materials. A variety of lesson plans developed to help students gain an understanding of geology and paleontology at Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument. Most of the activities in PDF.

J.E. Francis, Earth Sciences, University of Leeds: Fossil Trees in the Basal Purbeck Formation on Portland - The Great Dirt Bed Forest.
Provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

C.T. Gee et al. (2020): Postcards from the Mesozoic: Forest landscapes with giant flowering trees, enigmatic seed ferns, and other naked-seed plants. PDF file, In: Nature through Time: Virtual field trips through the Nature of the past. Springer, Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment. (eds Martinetto E., Tschopp E., Gastaldo R.A.), pp. 159–185. Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35058-1_6.
See likewise here.
Note figure 6.12: A picture perfect day in the Petrified Forest National Park in Arizona, USA, with a view of massive Late Triassic logs.
! Figure 6.17: Plants characteristic of the forest and woodland habitats in the mid-Triassic Molteno Formation, South Africa.

GeologyCafe.com:
Anaglyph (3D) Imaging and Field Geology. How anaglyphs are made and the about 3D camera configuration. See also:

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior: 3-D Tours Featuring Park Geology.
These expired links are still available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Geology.com. This is one of the internet´s leading websites for earth science news and information. Go to:
What is Petrified Wood? How Does it Form?

David R. Greenwood, Zoology Dept., Brandon University, Manitoba, Canada: Mummified tree stumps on Axel Heiberg Island, Canada (PDF file). In low grade lignite preserved tree stumps.
The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

D.M. Guido et al. (2010): Jurassic geothermal landscapes and fossil ecosystems at San Agustín, Patagonia, Argentina. In PDF, Journal of the Geological Society, 167: 11-20.

E.L. Gulbranson et al. (2012): Permian polar forests: deciduousness and environmental variation. In PDF, Geobiology, 10: 479-495.
See also here.
Note upright permineralized stumps in figure 3 and 6.

A.B. Heckert and S.G. Lucas (2002): Revised Upper Triassic stratigraphy of the Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, USA. In PDF, NM Mus. Nat. Hist. Sci. Bull.

Paul V. Heinrich, Louisiana Fossil Page: Common Animal and Plant Fossils of Louisiana, Louisiana Petrified Wood, and Petrified Palm Wood.

Marguerite Holloway, Scientific American May 2002 issue: Trees of the Triassic. In the Painted Desert of Arizona, a story of how forests turned to stone and how the stones are walking away.

Houston Gem and Mineral Society: Petrified Wood Articles by HGMS Authors and Others.

The International Golden Fossil Tree Society (?): BOSQUE PETRIFICADO DE SARMIENTO(Argentina)Patagonia (in Spanish).

The International Commission on Geoheritage (ICG) (a permanent commission of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS)):
! The First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites. In PDF, 153 pages. This collaborative achievement is authored by more than 350 experts from more than 40 countries. Breathtaking photographs! Superbly done! Don't miss:
Site 031: The Fossil Cliffs of Joggins (on page 94; PDF page 49).
Site 040: The Early Miocene Petrified Forest of Lesvos (on page 112; PDF page 58).

! K.-P. Kelber, Würzburg (2007): Die Erhaltung und paläobiologische Bedeutung der fossilen Hölzer aus dem süddeutschen Keuper (Trias, Ladinium bis Rhätium).- In German. PDF file, 33 MB! pp. 37-100; In: Schüßler, H. & Simon, T. (eds.): Aus Holz wird Stein. Kieselhölzer aus dem Keuper Frankens.

! Hans Kerp, Palaeobotanical Research Group, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster. Click: "Rhynie Chert" (The Rhynie Chert and its Flora). A depiction of the silica permineralized fossil flora of Rhynie (Scotland), a 400 Million year old flora, which contains a wide diversity of taxa varying from unicellular fungi to the earliest anatomically preserved higher land plants and animal remains. Breathtaking thin section micro-photographs, e.g. in " V. The alternation of generations in early land plants": The male gametophyte with antheridia, the release of sperm from antheridium, etc. Including "The life cycle of Aglaophyton - Lyonophyton", modified after Taylor, Kerp & Hass, 2005, PNAS, v. 102, p. 5892-5897.

E. Kyriazi (2022): Analytical Techniques and Observation Tools for the Diagnosis of the Pathology of in situ Fossil Forests. In PDF, Conservation 360º.
See also here.
! Note figure 2: The largest known petrified trees in the world.

S.G. Lucas (2001), go to PDF page 52: Restoration of Late Triassic landscapes at the Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. In PDF, Proceedings of the 6th Fossil Resource Conference. See also here.

L. Luthardt et al. (2018): Severe growth disturbances in an early Permian calamitalean – traces of a lightning strike? In PDF, Palaeontographica Abteilung B, 298: 1-22.
See also here.
! "... The special injury of the calamitalean described herein [...] exhibits an elongated to triangular shape, a central furrow, a scar-associated event ring of collapsed to distorted tracheids, and was ultimately overgrown by callus parenchyma. We suggest that this scar most likely was caused by a lightning strike ..."

Steven R. Manchester, Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainsville: PETRIFIED WOODS IN FLORIDA. This article was a contribution to Papers In Florida Paleontology, No. 8, November 1996, published by the Florida Paleontological Society.

Y.I. Mandang and N. Kagemori (2004): A fossil wood of Dipterocarpaceae from Pliocene deposit in the west region of Java Island, Indonesia. In PDF, Biodiversitas, 5: 28-35.
! "The fossil trunk 28 m in length and 105 cm in diameter was buried in a tuffaceous sandstone layer".

D. Mantzouka et al. (2019): Petrified Forest of Lesbos Island (Greece): A Palaeobotanical Puzzle of a Unique Geopark and the New Discoveries. In PDF, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 221. See also here.

Jeffrey W. Martz and William G. Parker (2010): Revised Lithostratigraphy of the Sonsela Member (Chinle Formation, Upper Triassic) in the Southern Part of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. PDF file, see also here.

! C.L. May and R.E. Gresswell (2003): Processes and rates of sediment and wood accumulation in the headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range, U.S.A. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28: 409-424. See also here.
! Note figure 5: Conceptual illustration of the changes in channel morphology based on the time since the previous debris flow.

S. McLoughlin and C. Strullu-Derrien (2015): Biota and palaeoenvironment of a high middle-latitude Late Triassic peat-forming ecosystem from Hopen, Svalbard archipelago. PDF file, in: Kear B.P. et al. (eds): Mesozoic Biotas of Scandinavia and its Arctic Territories. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Pub., 434: 87–112.
See also here.

Mineralienatlas - Fossilienatlas (in German): Thema: links und linklisten zur Paläobotanik, Auflistung von National Parks, Museen & Sammlungen von Jim Mills aus Kalifornien.

! G.E. Mustoe (2018): Mineralogy of Non-Silicified Fossil Wood. Open access, Geosciences, 8.

! G.E. Mustoe (2015): Late Tertiary Petrified Wood from Nevada, USA: Evidence of Multiple Silicification Pathways. Geosciences, 5: 286-309.

! G.E. Mustoe (2001): Washington´s Fossil Forests. Washington Geology, 29: 10-20. Further paleontological articles from Washington Geology Magazine here.
These expired links are now available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

! National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior: Petrified Forest National Park Arizona.

Natural History Museum of the Lesvos Petrified Forest Sigri, Lesvos Island, Greece.

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde 1860. By Karl Cäsar von Leonhard, Heinrich Georg Bronn (E. Schweizerbart's Verlagshandlung), digitized by Google Book Search. Go to: K. Fr. W Braun: Über das Bayreuther versteinte Holz.

Geobiology, Department of Earth Sciences, Oxford University: Questioning the evidence for Earth's oldest fossils,

! PaleoParks - The protection and conservation of fossil sites worldwide. Organized by Jere H. Lipps, Carnets de Géologie.
This special volume consists of invited contributions based on presentations given at the three PaleoParks Workshops at the International Geological Congress in Florence (2004) and Oslo (2008) and the International Paleontological Congress in Beijing (2006).

W.G. Parker et al. (2024): New perspectives on NPS paleontological resource stewardship: Scientific, curatorial, and educational outcomes at Petrified Forest National Park. Free access, Parks Stewardship Forum, 40. https://doi.org/10.5070/P540162930.

W.G. Parker and J.W. Martz (2010), Go to PDF page 22: OVERVIEW OF PAST AND CURRENT PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH AT THE PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL PARK, ARIZONA, USA. PDF file, SEPM-NSF Workshop "Paleosols and Soil Surface Analog Systems", September 21-26, 2010, Petrified Forest National Park, AZ.

! William Parker (2005): Petrified Forest National Park: a Roadlog. PDF file, Guidebook to the Triassic Formations of the Colorado Plateau in northern Arizona: Geology, Paleontology, and History. Sterling J. Nesbitt, William G. Parker, and Randall B. Irmis (eds.) Mesa Southwest Museum, Bulletin No. 9.

M.G. Passalia et al. (2023): The Valcheta Petrified Forest (Upper Cretaceous), northern Patagonia, Argentina: A geological and paleobotanical survey. In PDF, Journal of South American Earth Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105395.
See also here.

Lisa M. Pinsker, Geotimes June 2003: European Geoconservation. Now 12 parks strong, the European Geoparks Network spans Ireland, France, Spain, Italy, Greece and Germany, with scenes ranging from petrified forest to coastal cliff.

! T.L. Phillips et al. (1976): Fossil peat of the Illinois basin: a guide to the study of coal balls of Pennsylvanian age. In PDF, Geoscience education, 11.

Wolfgang Putz, Alberndorf, Austria: My fossil wood collection. A nice collector´s website, showing the variety of petrified wood (explanations in German). Polished slabs sorted by continents and countries.

L. Bruce Railsback, Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens: An Atlas of Speleothem Microfabrics. Stalagmites, stalactites, and other mineral deposits known as speleothems contain chemical and mineralogical clues to past rainfall and temperatures.

! J. Ramezani et al. (2011): High-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Late Triassic Chinle Formation, Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona, USA): Temporal constraints on the early evolution of dinosaurs. Abstract.

Authored by the The Rhynie Chert Research Group, University of Aberdeen, with contributions and support by the Palaeobotanical Research Group, University of Münster, Germany, the Centre for Palynology, University of Sheffield, The Natural History Museum, London, and The Royal Museum, National Museums of Scotland: The Biota of Early Terrestrial Ecosystems, The Rhynie Chert. A resource site for students and teachers covering many aspects of the present knowledge of this unique geological deposit (including a glossary and bibliography pages). Go to: Taphonomy of the Rhynie Chert, and Silicification and the Conversion of Sinter to Chert.

R. Rößler (2019): Der Wald aus Stein unter Chemnitz – einzigartiges „Pompeji des Erdaltertums“. In German, PDF file. Kalenderblatt April 2019, Online-Plattform der Professur Geschichte Europas im Mittelalter und in der Frühen Neuzeit an der Technischen Universität Chemnitz.
See also here.

R. Rößler et al. (2015): Der Versteinerte Wald Chemnitz - Momentaufnahme eines vulkanisch konservierten Ökosystems aus dem Perm (Exkursion L am 11. April 2015). PDF file, in German. The petrified forest of Chemnitz - A snapshot of an early Permian ecosystem preserved by volcanism. Jber. Mitt. oberrhein. geol. Ver., N.F. 97.

R. Rößler (2014): Die Bewurzelung permischer Calamiten: Aussage eines Schlüsselfundes zur Existenz freistehender baumförmiger Schachtelhalmgewächse innerhalb der Paläofloren des äquatornahen Gondwana. PDF file, in German. The roots of Permian calamitaleans - a key find suggests the existence of free-stemmed arborescent sphenopsids among the low latitude palaeofloras of Gondwana. Freiberger Forschungshefte, C 548.

R. Rößler (2014): Das Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz - eine Erfolgsgeschichte (in German). PDF file, go to PDF page 47. Mitteilungen und Berichte aus dem Institut für Museumsforschung, 52.

R. Rößler et al. 2012:
! Start on PDF page 213: Field trip 2: Petrified Forest of Chemnitz – A Snapshot of an Early Permian Ecosystem Preserved by Explosive Volcanism. In PDF, Centenary Meeting of the Paläontologische Gesellschaft, Terra Nostra.
Note fig. 4 (on PDF page 218): The interpretative drawing of the excavation Chemnitz-Hilbersdorf.

! R. Rößler et al. (2012): The largest calamite and its growth architecture - Arthropitys bistriata from the Early Permian Petrified Forest of Chemnitz. In PDF, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 185: 64-78.
The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

! R. Rößler (2000): The late Palaeozoic tree fern Psaronius - an ecosystem unto itself. In PDF, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 108: 55-74. See also here.

R. Rößler (1999): Sächsische und thüringische Kieselhölzer - Funde und Sammlungen an der Wiege der Geowissenschaften PDF file, in German.

Ronny Rößler, Museum of Natural History, Chemnitz (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.): Das Perm - Farnwälder, Glutwolken und Salzwüsten. In German. Full article available here (PDF file).

C. Salcido et al. (2024): Research put into action: How a fossil inventory informed paleontological resource monitoring efforts preceding road construction at Theodore Roosevelt National Park. Free access, Parks Stewardship Forum.
"... Theodore Roosevelt National Park (THRO) in western North Dakota that comprises badlands
[...] Results of monitoring included the discovery of new paleontological material, including bird material and well-preserved angiosperm fossils ..."

S. Saminpanya et al. (2023): Mineralogy, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the world's longest petrified wood. In PDF. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks. See likewise here.

V.L. Santucci et al. (2023): The price of neglect: Revisiting Fossil Cycad National Monument (1922–1957). Free access, Parks Stewardship Forum, 40.
"... Previously unknown records continue to emerge, helping to expand and reshape the understanding of the monument’s unfortunate history, and also raising new questions. Some of the newly uncovered information is presented here ..."

V.L. Santucci et al. (2023): The National Park System fossil record: Uncovering significant new paleontological discoveries through inventory, monitoring, research and museum curation. Free access, Parks Stewardship Forum, 40.
Note figure 1: Map of the United States showing the location of the 286 National Park Service units where fossils have been documented.
"... The fossil record preserved throughout the parks, monuments, and other areas administered by the National Park Service spans at least 1.4 billion years and reveals rich and diverse paleontological resources available for scientific research and public education ..."

B. Santucci et al. (2021): An Overview Of Paleontological Resources Preserved Within Prehistoric And Historic Structures. PDF file, In: Lucas, S.G., Hunt, A.P. & Lichtig, A.J. (eds.), 2021, Fossil Record 7. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 82.
See also here (starting on page 347 (PDF-page 348)).
Note figure 1: Agate House, constructed of petrified wood, Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona.
Figure 4: Petrified wood (Araucarioxylon arizonicum) in the Arizona Commemorative Stone, Washington Monument, Washington.
Figure 5: Petrified tree stump collected during the 1950s from what is now Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, Colorado, on display at Disneyland’s Frontierland (Anaheim, California).

! Vincent Santucci and Lindsay McClelland (eds.): National Park Service, Paleontological Research. Reports documenting the multi-park-based Morrison Ecosystem Project, the fossil bee´s nest at Petrified Forest National Park, and fossil mollusks from Alcatraz Island at Golden Gate National Recreation Area. This volume contains the first reports on paleontological inventories for Bryce Canyon National Park, Denali National Park, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Mammoth Cave National Park, and Ozark National Scenic Riverway and the unfortunate story regarding the abolished Fossil Cycad National Monument.
Also availabe in PDF.

B.J. Slater et al. (2015): A high-latitude Gondwanan lagerstätte: The Permian permineralised peat biota of the Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica. In PDF, Gondwana Research, 27: 1446-1473. See also here (abstract).

B.J. Slater (2014): Cryptic diversity of a Glossopteris forest: the Permian Prince Charles Mountains Floras, Antarctica. In PDF, thesis, submitted to the University of Birmingham.

Els Slots, The Netherlands: World Heritage Site, Categories. Go to: Geological formation, Paleontology.
These expired links are now available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Margot Guerra Sommer and Claiton M. S. Scherer, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Brazilian Commission of Geological and Paleobiological Sites): Sítios Paleobotânicos do Arenito Mata nos Municípios de Mata e São Pedro do Sul, RS (in Portuguese). A Brazilian deposit of fossil silicified wood.

! Hans Steur, Ellecom, The Netherlands: Hans´ Paleobotany Pages. Plant life from the Silurian to the Cretaceous. Go to:
Prototaxites,
Wood of the horsetail tree Calamites,
The tree fern Psaronius,
The tree fernTempskya
The gymnospermous tree Cordaites,
Fossil gymnosperm wood, and
Fossil palm wood or Palmoxylon.

! E.L. Taylor and T.N. Taylor: Structurally Preserved Permian and Triassic Floras from Antarctica. PDF file.
Snapshoot from the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
See also here.

! Marian Timpe, Rostock, Germany:
Versteinerte Pflanzen (in German). A well organized website showing permineralized wood from all over the world. Including location descriptions.

Treasures of the Earth, Ltd., Hollsopple, PA., U.S.A.: Petrified Wood. Images of petrified wood slabs, chiefly from the Chinle Formation, Utah, USA.
Now available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Nigel H. Trewin, Stephen R. Fayers & Lyall I. Anderson, University of Aberdeen: The Biota of Early Terrestrial Ecosystems: The Rhynie Chert. The "Learning Resource" (updated 08/09/04) is primarily a resource site for students and teachers covering many aspects of the present knowledge of the unique Rhynie Chert deposit and its scientific significance (including a glossary and bibliography pages). The "Suggestions For Tutors" provides guidance for teachers (password protected). This part is primarily aimed at a university Honours degree level. The content is primarily of value in geology teaching, but has relevance to botany, zoology, ecology and history of science.

UntraveledRoad, Paris, ID: Petrified Forest National Park Information Center. The Photographic Virtual Tour Website. Go to: Triassic Landscape.

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): U.S. Geological Survey Photographic Archive. This on-line system provides access to over 19,000 photographs and original sketches, dating from 1868 to the present. Go to: NATIONAL PARKS-MONUMENTS-SEASHORE. Choose: "Petrified National Park".

E. Velitzelos, Section of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, Department of Geology, University of Athens, and N. Zouros, Natural History Museum of Lesvos' Petrified Forest, Lesvos Island: The Petrified forest of Lesvos - Protected Natural Monument.
Now available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
See also here.

M. Viney et al. (2017): The Bruneau Woodpile: A Miocene Phosphatized Fossil Wood Locality in Southwestern Idaho, USA. Open access, Geosciences, 7.

Mike Viney, The Virtual Petrified Wood Museum: Fossils. In PDF.

Mike Viney, Ft. Collins, Colorado: The Virtual Petrified Wood Museum. Images of fossil wood and other fossils sorted by geological age. See especially:
! Petrified Wood: The Silicification of Wood by Permineralization (PDF file).
See also: Anatomy. The anatomy of arborescent plants through time.

! X. Wang et al. (2009): The Triassic Guanling fossil Group - A key GeoPark from Barren Mountain, Guizhou Province, China. PDF file.
! Note figure 29: A colony of Traumatocrinus sp. attached by root cirri to an agatized piece of driftwood!
PDF still available via Internet Archive Wayback Machine.

WAYNE'S WORD, Escondido, CA (A nonprofit quarterly journal published by WOLFFIA INC.): Fossils Of Ancient Plants. This websites are dedicated to little-known facts and trivia about natural history subjects.
The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

J. Weber (2016): America´s Lost National Park Units: A Closer Look. In PDF, The George Wright Forum, 33: 59-69.
South Dakota´s Fossil Cycad NM among other delisted national park units. See also here (Wikipedia).

Michael Wegner, Köln, Germany: Versteinertes Holz.de (in German).

! Ian West, Southampton University: The Fossil Forest - East of Lulworth Cove, Dorset.

Ian West, Southampton Oceanography Centre, School of Ocean and Earth Science, Southampton University: The Fossil Forest, west of Lulworth Cove, Dorset, southern England. This is a classic geological locality with the remains and moulds of late Jurassic or early Cretaceous coniferous trees rooted in a palaeosol (ancient soil), the Great Dirt Bed. Above the trees is stromatolitic limestone and over this the unusual Broken Beds, a limestone breccia that was originally evaporitic. Let´s have a look at the Purbeck Trees.

! E.A. Wheeler (2024): Fossil woods of Yellowstone National Park. Free access, Parks Stewardship Forum, 40.

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
! Petrified wood.
Petrified Forest National Park.
Rhynie chert.
Coal ball.

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Geopark,
Global Geoparks Network,
Protected areas.
Fossil trade.

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Category:Paleontological protected areas in the United States.

C.J. Williams et al. (2010): Fossil wood in coal-forming environments of the late Paleocene-early Eocene Chickaloon Formation. PDF file, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 295: 363-375. Now provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

! www.kieseltorf.de. Permineralized plant fossils from Germany (in German).

J.L. Young et al. (2008): Conservation of an Eocene petrified forest at Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument: Investigation of strategies and techniques for stabilizing in situ fossil stumps. PDF file, In: Meyer, H.W., and Smith, D.M., eds., Paleontology of the Upper Eocene Florissant Formation, Colorado. The Geological Society of America, Special Paper 435: 141-157.
See also here.












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This index is compiled and maintained by Klaus-Peter Kelber, Würzburg,
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Last updated December 04, 2024