Home / History of Palaeobotany / Science History of Palaeobotany and Renowned Palaeobotanists

AASP - The Palynological Society (the former "American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation"):
! What is Palynology? Including some links about the history of palynology. See especially:
Historical Perspective.
Now provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada: History of Paleontology. Powerpoint presentation.

B. Alpern, A. Combaz, P. Corsin, S. Jardiné, J. Taugourdeau and J.P. Verdier (1968): Paléobotanique et palynologie en France: Aperçu historique. Abstract, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 7: 149-199.

! The American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists (AASP): AASP Primary Records Program. AASP has begun to collect biographical information on the developers of the field of palynology; particularly in North America and Europe, and particularly associated with AASP.

Anna-Lena Anderberg, Department of Palaeobotany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm: Rhaetian and Jurassic plants of Scania. This database includes the Rhaetian and Jurassic plant fossils from Scania, southern Sweden, housed in the Stockholm collections.
Go to: History of the investigation of the age and stratigraphy of the plant-bearing formation.

H.M. Anderson-Holmes (2024): The cupule Kannaskoppia from the Upper Triassic, Molteno Flora, Gondwana: Exploring the whole plant and habitat. YouTube video lecture. A paleobotanical online workshop (about half an hour long), followed by a discussion.
Insights into the study of the Molteno flora of South Africa.

L.I. Anderson (2005): Hugh Miller: introducing palaeobotany to a wider audience. In PDF, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 241: 63-84. See also here.

Elizabeth B. Andrews (2009): Windows on a Lilliputian world: a personal perspective on the development of electron microscopy in the twentieth century. Notes Rec. R. Soc.
The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
See also here.

Henry N. Andrews (1974): Paleobotany, 1947-1972. First page, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 61: 179-202.

Annals of Science. The Journal is directed to all those interested in the evolution of science and technology and its impact on the development of related arts and industries.

! Sergio Archangelsky (2005): La Paleobotánica en Argentina y su desarrollo durante los últimos 50 años (in Spanish). PDF file, A.P.A. Publicación Especial 10. Available by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Sergio Archangelsky (1968): Palaeobotany and palynology in South America: A historical review. Abstract, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 7: 249-266.

C.A. Arnold (1968): Current trends in paleobotany. PDF file, Earth-Science Reviews.

! Stanley M. Awramik, Department of Earth Science, University of California Santa Barbara:
The Record of Life on the Early Earth. Including Science history! Lecture notes, Powerpoint presentation.

Francisco J. Ayala, Walter M. Fitch, and Michael T. Clegg (eds.; 2000): Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms: Toward a New Synthesis 50 Years after Stebbins. Online book, National Academy of Sciences (2000).
This expired link is now available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
See also here

Francisco J. Ayala et al. (2000): Variation and evolution in plants and microorganisms: Toward a new synthesis 50 years after Stebbins. PNAS, 97: 6941-6944. Scroll to: "Trends and Patterns in Plant Evolution".

R.A. Baker and D.S. Gill (2018): Fossil hunting and grinding in the Coal Measures: William Cash (1843-1914), his associates, and their work on the fossil plants of the Carboniferous period. In PDF, Journal of Natural Science Collections, 5, 89-97.
See also here.

M. Barbacka et al. (2022): Polish Palaeobotany: 750 Million Years of Plant History as Revealed in a Century of Studies. Mesozoic Macroflora. In PDF, Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 91.
See also here.

O.M. Barth (2016): Palynology in Brazil: the past, present, and future. Abstract, starting on PDF page 12.
Abstracts, XIV International Palynological Congress, X International Organisation of Palaeobotany Conference, Salvador, Brazil.

M. Barthel et al. (1998): Brennende Berge - Flöz- und Haldenbrand-Gesteine als Matrix fossiler Pflanzen-Abdrücke und als Objekte der Wissenschaftsgeschichte. PDF file, in German.

! D. Beerling (2010): The Emerald Planet. How Plants Changed Earth´s History. In PDF.

! Branko M. Begovic Bego (2011): Nature´s Miracle, Ginkgo biloba L. 1771. In PDF (40.5 MB!). Table of contents PDF page 9-11. See especially: PDF page 49: "History of paleobotanics research Ginkgo biloba".
See also here. Access via Scribd.

Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley: A history of evolutionary thought. Biographies of some of the key players in evolutionary thought over the last 300 years.

! M.E.C. Bernardes-de-Oliveira et al. (2023): Brazilian Palaeobotany: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives. PDF file, In: Iannuzzi, R., Rößler, R., Kunzmann, L. (eds.): Brazilian Paleofloras. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90913-4_1-1
See likewise here.

M.E.C. Bernardes-de-Oliveira et al. (2016): The history of Brazilian paleobotany. Abstract, starting on PDF page 17.
Abstracts, XIV International Palynological Congress, X International Organisation of Palaeobotany Conference, Salvador, Brazil.

BioExplorer.Net. An annotated link directory. Go to: History of Biology .

Biology-Nation. This website provides resources for anyone with an interest in biology. (see also Biology-Nation.com Whois Record). Many links lead to Wikipedia. Go to: Introduction to Botany, The History of Biology and Introduction to Paleontology.

H.J.B. Birks et al. (2016): The fourth dimension of vegetation. Science, 354: 412-413.

H.J.B. Birks (2005): Fifty years of Quaternary pollen analysis in Fennoscandia 1954-2004 (PDF file). Grana, 44: 1-22. See also here.

H. Blattmann (2014): Massenmediale Logik in der Wissenschaft. PDF file, in German. GFZ Lectures, Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 31 p. https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.LECT.001.

Botanicus, The Missouri Botanical Garden Library: This is a freely accessible portal to historic botanical literature.

! Book shop, The Geological Society of London: A. J. Bowden, C. V. Burek and R. Wilding (eds), 2005: History of Palaeobotany. Website saved by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine. Book announcement. GSL Special Publications. £80.00 list price! This volume is a collection of essays that reflect selected stages in the development of palaeobotany as a discipline during the last three hundred years. It is not an exhaustive history, but rather serves to highlight aspects of the history of the subject that perhaps have not received much treatment elsewhere in the palaeobotanical literature.
Worth checking out (page 1-3): History of Palaeobotany: an Introduction (PDF file).
See also here (book announcement), and there (by Amazon, with table of contents).
! Free access via Google Books. See also here.
Book Review: Robert S. Hill (2008), in: tag, The Geological Society of Australia, Newsletter (PDF file). Scroll to page 34.
This expired link is available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

David Branagan (2002): Australian Stratigraphy and Palaeontology: the nineteenth century French contribution. Abstract, Comptes Rendus Palevol., 1: 657-662.

M. Brasier (2015): Deep questions about the nature of early-life signals: a commentary on Lister (1673) "A description of certain stones figured like plants". In PDF, Phil. Trans. R. Soc., A 373. See also here.

David Bressan, Field of Science: A very short history of Paleobotany.

The palaeofiles. Articles here have all been prepared by students on the palaeobiology programmes in Bristol: Failures, frauds, fakes, and fixes in palaeontology.
This website is about the frauds and errors that have been made by palaeontologists through the years, the implications the mistakes have had on the science of palaeontology, and how these frauds and errors are being uncovered and fixed.
Some reconstruction images here.
These expired links are now available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

R.J.A. Buggs (2021): The origin of Darwin’s “abominable mystery”. Free access, American Journal of Botany, 108: 22–36.

The Canadian Association of Palynologists (CAP): Palynological Personalities. An in-depth look at some of the people who have influenced palynology.
The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

! James E. Canright (1995): A Brief History of Some Major Contributors to the Development of Palynology in the United States. Palynos 18: 2-7.
The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

J.E. Canright (1958): History of Paleobotany in Indiana. In PDF, Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 67: 268-273.

J. B. Riding (interviewer): Interview with Professor William G. (Bill) Chaloner. University College London, AASP Oral History Project, The Palynological Society, 16 December 2002. Now provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

L. Chirino-Gálvez and O. Vicencio-Campos (2023): When Localities are Lost: Scientists, Collections and the Chilean Fossil Wood History at Valparaiso. In PDF, Historia Natural, 13: 243-271.
Note figure 18: Stump of ancient coniferous in the Natural Sanctuary “Fossil Forest of Punta Pelluco”.

! C.J. Cleal and B.A. Thomas (2021): Naming of parts: the use of fossil-taxa in palaeobotany. In PDF, Fossil Imprint, 77: 166–186.
See also here.

! C.J. Cleal and B. Cascales-Miñana (2021, start on PDF-page 39): Evolutionary floras - revealing large-scale patterns in Palaeozoic vegetation history. Journal of Palaeosciences, 70: 31-42.

Christopher J. Cleal et al. (2005): Illustrations and illustrators during the "Golden Age" of palaeobotany: 1800-1840. Abstract, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 241: 41-61.

C.J. Cleal et al. (2001):
Geological Conservation Review Series (GCR), Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC): Mesozoic and Tertiary Palaeobotany of Great Britain (2001). PDF files, GCR Volume No. 22.
This expired link is now available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
In chapter 1 a brief explanation is given of how plant fossils are formed, and how palaeobotanists study and name them.

C.J. Cleal and B.A. Thomas (1999): Plant Fossils: The History of Land Vegetation Fossils Illustrated. In PDF, (Boydell & Brewer Ltd).
! Note especially: Chapter Ten, "Highlights of Palaeobotanical Study", starting on PDF page 130.
See also here (Amazon) and there (Google books).

J.A. Clement-Westerhof (1971): Palaeobotany. A brief historical review. Abstract, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 11: 85-88.

Cofrhigeo (Comité français d'Histoire de la Géologie). History of Geology and the Geosciences, Information & Links. This page provides information and links for approximately 150 Web sites having a connection with the history of geological sciences.
These expired links are still available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
Have a fresh look on the valid Cofrhigeo website.

W.L. Crepet and M.A. Gandolfo (2008): Paleobotany in the Post-Genomics Era: Introduction. In PDF, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 95.
See also here.

! William Culp Darrah (1960): Principles of paleobotany. 295 p., (Ronald Press Co.), New York (hosted by Hathi Trust Digital Library). Start with Page 13: History and Aims of Paleobotany.

Owen Davis: PALYNOLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, and
PALYNOLOGY IN NORTH AMERICA.
These expired links are still available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
Don't miss the new website.

N.J. De Jersey (1968): Palaeobotany and palynology in Australia: A historical review. Abstract, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 6: 111-136.

R.M. Dillhoff et al. (2009): Cenozoic paleobotany of the John Day Basin, central Oregon. In PDF, The Geological Society of America, Field Guide 15.
See also here.

R. Ebbighausen and D. Korn (2013): Paleontology as a circumstantial evidence lawsuit. In PDF, Historical Biology, 25: 283-295. See also here.

M. Eberlein (2015): Bestimmungs- und Verbreitungsatlas der Tertiärflora Sachsens – Angiospermenblätter und Ginkgo. PDF file (in German). Thesis, University of Dresden (in German). First part of a reference book of the Tertiary flora of Saxony.
See also here.
Please take notice:
! Starting on PDF page 30: "Kurzer Abriss der tertiärpaläobotanischen Forschung in Sachsen". The history of saxonian tertiary palaeobotany in brief.

! K.J. Edwards (2018): Pollen, women, war and other things: reflections on the history of palynology. Free access, Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 27: 319–335.

D. Edwards (2015): A palaeobotanical pot-pourri. Free access, Palaeontology, 58: 1-3.
"... This study, the third in the series of virtual issues of Palaeontology, examines the contributions the journal has made to the field of palaeobotany from 1961 onwards ..."

! D. Edwards and P. Kenrick (2015): The early evolution of land plants, from fossils to genomics: a commentary on Lang (1937) "On the plant-remains from the Downtonian of England and Wales". Open access, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 370.
Note figure 4: Relationships among major groups of land plants showing the hypothesized broad range of clades to which cryptophytes (extinct cryptospore-producing plants) might belong.

Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK: Research activities,
Palaeobotany and the history of Geology.
Website outdated. The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Enchanted Learning Online: The Top Paleontologists and Dinosaur Hunters of All Time. Sadly, without palaeobotanists.

Endeavour (Elsevier). Endeavour publishes brief articles that review the history and philosophy of science.

Student Presentations, Earth Science Emporia State University: History of Geology.

! H.J. Falcon-Lang and D.M. Digrius (2014): Palaeobotany under the microscope: history of the invention and widespread adoption of the petrographic thin section technique. In PDF.

H. Falcon-Lang (2012): Double-crossed Nicol. William Nicol pioneered petrographic microscopy; but a dastardly palaeobotanist tried to steal his glory.
Geoscientist.

H.J. Falcon-Lang (2008): Marie Stopes, the discovery of pteridosperms and the origin of Carboniferous coal balls. In PDF, Earth Sciences History, 27: 81-102.
See also here.

D.E. Fernández et al. (2014): Paleontology in Argentina: history, heritage, funding, and education from a southern perspective. In PDF, Palaeontologia Electronica. See also here and there.
"The earliest geological studies of Argentina included descriptions of fossil plants, for example by d´Orbigny and Darwin (Ottone, 2005, 2011). A fossil trunk reported by Félix de Azara in 1809 is considered to be the first record of fossil plants in the country (Ottone, 2001). The formal beginnings of paleobotany took place during the last decades of the nineteenth century".

J. Folsom, The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, San Marino, CA: Plant Trivia Timeline. This expired link is available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine. See also:
here (PDF file). The Timeline gives world history from the viewpoint of a botanist. It is the story of plant discovery and use, and addresses the roles of plants in human civilization.

H.E. Fraser and C.J. Cleal (2007): The contribution of British women to Carboniferous palaeobotany during the first half of the 20th century. Abstract, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 281: 51-82.

H. Furrer (2024): The history of palaeontological research and excavations at Monte San Giorgio. Open access, Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 143: 18.

The Paleontology Division of the Geological Association of Canada: Paleontology at the GSC.
Provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

History of Geology Division, Geological Society of America (GSA): Rock Star Profiles in GSA Today Archive, and Biographies of Geologists on the Web.

! The Geological Society of London:
Index of Obituaries, 1828-Date. The index is alphabetical by surname. An extensive bibliographic index. See also:
The History of Geology Group (HOGG). HOGG was inaugurated to encourage interest in the lives and work of those scientists and philosophers who influenced both the study and the practice of geology. HOGG newsletters free (2007-2009)!
These expired links are now available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Geological Survey of Canada:
No Stone Unturned: The First 150 years of the Geological Survey of Canada (by Christy Vodden, 1992, Book announcement, Amazon). See also:
Past lives: Chronicles of Canadian Paleontology. In PDF.

Geometry.net A link directory website. Go to:
Earth_Sciences - Paleontology.
Paleobotany.

A. Gosh (2021): Trans-Himalayan science in mid-twentieth century China and India: Birbal Sahni, Hsü Jen, and a Pan-Asian paleobotany. Open access, International Journal of Asian Studies, 2021: 1–23.

W. Gothan (1948): Die Paläobotanik in Deutschland in den letzten 100 Jahren. Abstract (in German), Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 100: 94-105.
Still available via Internet Archive Wayback Machine.

Rod Gould (1981): Palaeobotany is blooming: 1970-1979, a review. Abstract, Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 5: 49-70.

Alan Graham (2006): Paleobotany of Puerto Rico. First page only. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 776: 103-114.

! Joseph Reynolds Green (1909): A history of botany 1860-1900; being a continuation of Sachs History of botany, 1530-1860. PDF file, 30 MB!. Palaeobotany on page 133 ff. See also here.

D.R. Greenwood (2007): Fossil angiosperm leaves and climate: from Wolfe and Dilcher to Burnham and Wilf. In PDF, Courier Forsch.-Senckenberg, 258.
The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

! H.D. Grissino-Mayer, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville: Lectures in Dendrochronology. Go to: History of Dendrochronology. PowerPoint presentation.
These expired links are now available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

W. Gross and H.P. Schultze (2004): Zur Geschichte der Geowissenschaften im Museum für Naturkunde zu Berlin. Teil 6: Geschichte des Geologisch-Paläontologischen Instituts und Museums der Universität Berlin 1910–2004. PDF file, in German. Fossil Record,7: 5-43. See also here.

M. Gross (1999): Die phytopaläontologische Sammlung Franz UNGER am Landesmuseum Joanneum. PDF file (in German), Joannea Geol. Paläont., 1: 5-26. Abteilung Geologie und Paläontologie, Studienzentrum Naturkunde, Graz, Austria.
See also here.

T.M. Harris (1982): What is palaeobotany for? In PDF, The Palaeobotanist, 30: 340-346.

T.M. Harris: The Problems of Jurassic Palaeobotany. In PDF.

W.F. Harris (1968): Palaeobotany and palynology in New Zealand: A historical review. Abstract, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 6: 137-145.

Harvard University Herbaria: Database of Botanists. A searchable index. Plant name authors, collectors, and publication authors are combined into a single resource.

Robert John Harvey-Gibson (1919): Outlines of the history of botany (PDF file, 17 MB).
See for example page 166 ff: "Progress in Palaeophytology", or
page 250 ff: "The Pteridosperms and the seed".
See also here.

! C. Haug et al. (2020): Comment on the letter of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP) dated April 21, 2020 regarding �"Fossils from conflict zones and reproducibility of fossil.based scientific data": the importance of private collections. Open access, PalZ.

Norbert Hauschke: Die geologisch-paläontologischen Sammlungen der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg (in German). Including plant fossils described by Johann Georg Bornemann, one of the pioneers in cuticular analysis.

R. Heady (2012): The Wollemi Pine—16 years on. In PDF, Chapter 15: Australia’s Ever-changing Forests VI: Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Australian Forest History. Brett J. Stubbs et al. (ed.).
Snapshot provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Michael Hesse et al. (2009): Pollen Terminology. An illustrated handbook. Abstract: "The term palynology was coined after a written discussion with Ernst ANTEVS and A. Orville DAHL in the Pollen Analysis Circular no. 8 by HYDE and WILLIAMS (1944)".

J.K. Hinz and I. Werneburg (2019): The historical archive of the Palaeontological Collection Of Tübingen, Germany. Palaeontologia Electronica. See also here (in PDF).

Historica Botanica. This blog is dedicated to information and material related to the history of botany particularly in the 19th and 20th century English speaking world.

The History of Earth Sciences Society (HESS). An International society devoted to the history of the sciences of the Earth.

Elise Hofmann (1951): Wege und Ziele der Paläobotanik in Österreich. PDF file (in German), Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 92: 260-265.

Elise Hofmann (1945): Aus der Geschichte der Paläobotanik. PDF file (in German), Mitteilungen der Geologischen Gesellschaft in Wien 36-38.

G. Hoppe (1998): Zur Geschichte der Geowissenschaften im Museum für Naturkunde zu Berlin Teil 1: Aus der Vorgeschichte bis zur Gründung der Berliner Bergakademie im Jahre 1770. PDF file, in German. Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berlin, Geowiss. Reihe l: 5-20.
See also here.

X. Hu and J. Ma (2022): The Founder of Plant Taxonomy in China: HU Hsen-Hsu. Open access, Protein & Cell.

International Commission on the History of the Geological Sciences (INHIGEO). INHIGEO promotes ongoing research into the history of the earth sciences.

! The International Organisation of Palaeobotany (IOP):
! Newsletter Archive. The IOP Newsletter is the chief information dissemination vehicle for the membership of the IOP.

! The International Organisation of Palaeobotany: Story of Palaeobotany Series. Table of contents. In Chinese and partially in English. Some parts adapted and translated from "Links for Palaeobotanists", e.g. Story of Palaeobotany Series No. 37: Renowned palaeobotanists in the history of palaeobotany (the original website is here).

Paul R. Janke, Pan Terra Inc., Hill City, SD: History of Geology.

! J. Jansonius and D.C. McGregor (1996): Introduction, Palynology: Principles and Applications. AASP Foundation. v. 1, pp 1-10: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE p.1-2. The history of palynology. Website saved by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

David M. Jarzen and Susan A. Jarzen: A Short History of CAP. The History of the Canadian Association of Palynologists. This CAP Web page was compiled and maintained by Alwynne B. Beaudoin, 1995.
Website outdated, download a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Ann Jelinek et al., Murrindindi Shire Council, Australia: Flora Fossil Site: YEA (PDF file). Including some biographial information about Australian palaeobotanists.
Snapshot provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

F.P. Jonker (1967): Palynology and the Netherlands. PDF file, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 1: 31-35.
Provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

W. Jung and E. Knobloch (1972): Die “Sternberg-Originale” der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und historische Geologie zu München. PDF file, in German. Mitt. Bayer. Staatssamml. Paläont. hist. Geol., 12: 105-111.

! W. Jung (1970): Die Gothan'sche Rhät/Lias-Sammlung der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft Nürnberg. PDF file, in German. Natur und Mensch, Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft Nürnberg e.V.

Antiquariaat Junk, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: "Browse our stock by subject", Phytopaleontology / Fossil plants. Classic books about palaeobotany (currently by Heer, Scheuchzer, Sternberg, Unger), with images.

Thomas Junker, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Tübingen: Geschichte der Evolutionstheorie (in German).
Snapshot provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Theodor Karl Just (1959): Progress in paleobotany, 1908-1958. Abstract, Journal of Paleontology, 33: 500-510.

T. Just (1957): Fifty years of paleobotany, 1906-1956. Abstract, American Journal of Botany, 44: 93-99.

! Kalliope. Founded by the Berlin State Library - Prussian Cultural Heritage with financial support from the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG).
Kalliope superseded the Central Register of Autographs (Zentralkartei der Autographen, ZKA). It is not a data aggregation service, but rather a digital environment that establishes and provides new instruments and processes to create, modify, and to access data about personal papers dispersed in many libraries, archives, and museums. Excellent!

! P.H. Kelley et al. (2013): From paleontology to paleobiology: A half-century of progress in understanding life history. Provided by Google books. GSA Special Papers, 500: 191-232. See also here.

! W. Kiessling et al. (2010): German Paleontology in the early 21^st century. In PDF, Palaeontologica Electronica, 13.

Valentin A. Krassilov (1987): Palaeobotany of the mesophyticum: state of the art. In PDF, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 50: 231-254. Provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

P. Krzywiec and A. Arndt (2022): Development of paleontological art in Poland. In PDF, The Geological Society of America, Memoir, 218.
See also here.

! B. Kubart (1919): Über den Verfall paläobotanischer Forschung in den Ländern deutscher Zunge. PDF file, in German. Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift, 68: 233-237.
See also here.

Evelyn Kustatscher, Museum of Nature, South Tyrol, Bozen: Fossil Plants of the Dolomites. A brief history of palaeobotanic studies in the Dolomites area (with bibliographic references).
Now provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

U. Kutschera (2007): Palaeobiology: the origin and evolution of a scientific discipline. PDF file, Trends Ecol. Evol. 22, 172 - 173. Snapshot taken by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

! J. Kvacek et al. (2021): Catalogue of Plant Fossils Described in Works by Kaspar M. Sternberg Second Revised Edition. In PDF, Sternbergiana, 1: 1–309.
"... In summary, the second edition of the Catalogue comprises specimens that are types of 82 genera, 3 subgenera, 535 species and 14 varieties described by Kaspar Maria Count Sternberg and his collaborators: K. B. Presl and A. C. J. Corda. The type material of 32 genera, 233 species and 5 varieties is housed in the National Museum, Prague. The types of 79 species and 4 varieties have been located in other European museums. ..."

Division of Paleobotany, Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence:
The History of Paleobotany at KU.
The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

G.A. Leisman (1968): A Century of Progress in Paleobotany in Kansas. Abstract, Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 71.

Letters from Gondwana, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina.

U.B. Leu (2013): Der Paläobotaniker Oswald Heer im Briefwechsel mit Charles Darwin und Charles Lyell. PDF file, in German. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich.

U.B. Leu (2009): Oswald Heer (1809–1883): Paläobotaniker und Kritiker Darwins. PDF file, in German. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich.

E. Levetin and K. McMahon: Plants and Society, Fifth Edition. See also here. Go to:
2. Introduction to Plant Life: Botanical Principles.
! Plant Systematics and Evolution. In PDF.
For other chapters navigate from here.

Harold L. Levin, Washington University:
The Earth Through Time, Seventh Edition (provided by Wiley, Higher Education). This textbook provides rich, authoritative coverage of the history of the Earth, offering the most comprehensive history in the discipline today. Some sample chapters: Chapter 1,
! Introduction to Earth History (PDF file). Including geohistorical reflections about Abraham Gottlob Werner, James Hutton, William Smith, Georges Cuvier and Alexandre Brongniart, etc.

! M. Libertín et al. (2022): The early land plant Cooksonia bohemica from the Pridoli, late Silurian, Barrandian area, the Czech Republic, Central Europe. In PDF, Historical Biology, DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2022.2144286.
See also here.
Read about the history of Hans-Joachim Schweitzer's paleobotanical collection in the part: "Material and methods".

J.J. Liston (2005): The 'other' Glasgow boys: the rise and fall of a school of palaeobotany. PDF file, in: Bowden, A.J., Burek, C.V.and Wilding, R. (eds.) History of Palaeobotany : Selected Essays. Series: Geological Society Special Publication (241). The Geological Society, pp. 197-228.

F. Löcse and R. Rößler (2022): Paul Geipel’s palaeobotanical collection – one of the largest and most important former private collections of the Petrified Forest of Chemnitz. In PDF, Geologica Saxonica, 68: 11–20.
See also here. "... Our study contributes to the history of European natural science in the early 20^th century by elucidating a Europe-wide network of local collectors like Zacharias, Güldner and Geipel and geologists/palaeobotanists, such as Rudolph, Beck, Nötzold, Sterzel and Wehrli. ..."

F. Löcse (2022): „Achte auf die Etiketten!” Zum Wert sammlungsbegleitender Notizen. PDF-file, in German. Veröffentlichungen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz, 45: 213–217.

F. Löcse et al. (2021): Paläobotanische Kostbarkeiten aus den Versteinerten Wäldern von Nová Paka (Tschechien) und Chemnitz (Deutschland)&xnbsp;– Originale zu Stenzel (1889, 1906) und Rudolph (1906) in der paläobotanischen Sammlung der Geologischen Bundesanstalt in Wien. PDF file, in German. Jb. Geol. B.-A., 159: 289–313. See also here.
About old findings of Psaronius tree ferns and Medullosa seed ferns: Ankyropteris brongniartii, Asterochlaena laxa, Asterochlaena ramosa.

Livingfossil (http://blog.sciencenet.cn). A global virtual community for Chinese-speaking scientists.
Seward umbrella of world palaeobotany.

LoveToKnow:
The LoveToKnow Free Online Encyclopedia is based on the eleventh edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Go to:
Palaeobotany.
Websites outdated. Links lead to versions archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

The Natural History Museum London: Nature online > The science of natural history > Taxonomy and systematics What´s in a name? A history of taxonomy by Sandra Knapp.
See also: Nature online > The science of natural history > Natural history biographies.

LoveToKnow 1911 Online Encyclopedia (based on the eleventh edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, first published in 1911): Palaeobotany.
These expired links are available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

! P.C. Lyons, E.D. Morey and R.H. Wagner (1995): Historical perspective of Early Twentieth Century Carboniferous Paleobotany in North America. Google books, limited preview, Geol. Soc. America Mem., 185.
See also here (brief bibligraphical description).

J. Ma (2003): The chronology of the "living fossil" Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Taxodiaceae): a review (1943-2003). PDF file, Harvard Papers in Botany, 8: 9-18. See also here.
"... On the basis of primary documents including letters, manuscripts, and original publications, plus personal experience, the major events, important publications, and main scientists related to this story are recorded chronologically for the first time 60 years after the species’ discovery ..."

Palaeobotany Section, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, U.K.: A brief history of Palaeobotany at Manchester. Link no longer valid, now accessible via wayback engine.

A.A. Manten (1969): The history of the microscope and its impact on the development of palynology. Abstract, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 9: 137-148.

A.A. Manten (1968): A short history of palynology in diagrams. Abstract, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 6: 177-188.

A.A. Manten (1967): Lennart von Post and the foundation of modern palynology. PDF file, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 1: 11-22.
See also here.

A.A. Manten (1966): Some current trends in palynology. PDF file, Earth-Science Reviews.
This expired link is available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

A.A. Manten (1966): Half a century of modern palynology. Abstract, Earth Science Reviews, 2: 277-316). See also here (PDF file).

J. Marder, PBS News (Public Broadcasting Service), January 19, 2012: Darwin Fossils Released From Hiding.
Now provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
See also here.

S. McLoughlin (2022): The history of palaeobotanical research at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm. In PDF.

S. McLoughlin (2022; start on PDF-page 13): Palaeobotanical collections and facilities at the Swedish Museum of Natural History.
In PDF, 11^th European Palaeobotany and Palynology Conference Abstracts, Program and Proceedings. See also here.

R. Mikulás and M. Straková (1994): Trace fossils in "Flora der Vorwelt" by K. Sternberg and in Sternberg´s palaeontological collection (National Museum, Prague). In PDF, Acta Mus. Nat. Pragae, 49B: 143-150.

Mineralienatlas - Fossilienatlas. The platform for people interested in mineralogy, geology, palaeontology and mining. Go to:
! Persönlichkeiten. An index of palaeontologists (in German).

B. Mohr et al. (2008): Hugo Rühle von Lilienstern and his palaeobotanical collection: an east–west German story. In PDF, Earth Sciences History, 27: 278–296. See also here.

B.A.R. Mohr and A. Vogt (2003): Berliner Geowissenschaftlerinnen an der Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität von 1906 bis 1945, eine Fallstudie. PDF file, in German. Foss. Rec., 6: 53-69. See also here.
Including some information about Marlies Teichmüller.

! B. Muddiman et al. (2020): Paleontologic Data Fossilized on IBM 8” Floppies. Behind the scenes, University of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley.
! Don't miss the video clips "Fossil Data Part 1 and 2".
All about carboniferous coal balls and an adventurous action in computer archaeology, reconstructing data from more than 360 vintage 1970s 8-inch floppy disks.

Staffan Müller-Wille, Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Berlin.Kunsttexte.de: Text, Bild und Diagramm in der klassischen Naturgeschichte. PDF file (in German).
See also here.

MuseumStuff.com: A History Of Palynology.

T. Nadim et al. (2015): Reconstructions of a historic paleontological collection: Diversity re-created. In PDF, Earth Sciences History, 27: 278–296. See also here and there.

National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII).
NBII is a broad, collaborative program to provide increased access to data and information on the nation's biological resources. Go to:
Botany: The History of a Science.
Websites outdated. Links lead to versions archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII), maintained by the Center for Biological Informatics of the U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA: Botany, Past and Future. A link directory about the history of botany, palaeobotany, and plant exploration.
Archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

! Daniel L. Nickrent, Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois: Elements of Plant Systematics. Lecture notes. A version archived by Internet Archive Wayback Machine. Go to: A Look at the History of Plant Classification.

J.M.K. O’Keefe et al. (2021): Why a new volume on non-pollen palynomorphs?. Free access,
Worth checking out: "Early history of palynology and NPP studies".

D.R. Oldroyd (ed.), 2002: The Earth Inside and Out: Some Major Contributions to Geology in the Twentieth Century. In PDF, Geological Society Special Publication 192.
Table of contents on PDF page 6. See especially:
! PDF page 280, W.A.S. Sarjeant: "As chimney-sweepers, come to dust": a history of palynology to 1970.
! PDF page 248, E. Seibold and I Seibold: Sedimentology: from single grains to recent and past environments: some trends in sedimentology in the twentieth century.
! PDF page 336, S.J. Knell: Collecting, conservation and conservatism: late twentieth century developments in the culture of British geology.

! F.W. Oliver (1913): Makers of British botany; a collection of biographies by living botanists (PDf file, 33 MB). With portraits! Biographies, such as:
Nehemiah Grew (page 44),
John Lindley (page 164),
Henry Witham (page 243),
Edward William Binney (page 245),
William Crawford Williamson (page 247).
See also here (Wayback Archive), and there (Wikisource).

E.G. Ottone (2005): The history of palaeobotany in Argentina during the 19th century. Abstract, Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 241: 281-292.

J. Paul and R.V. Burne (2023): The earliest scientific description of stromatolites: Freiesleben and the Zechstein Limestone. In PDF, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften (J. Appl. Reg. Geol.), 173: 251–258.
"... Although it was Kalkowsky (1908) who coined the term “stromatolite”, Freiesleben (1809) and perhaps Hausmann (1805) had described stromatolitic structures a century earlier ..."

H.L. Pearson (2016, article starts on PDF page 23): Who First Discovered Devonian Fossils at Rhynie?

Max Pfannenstiel (2005): Das Geologenarchiv der Geologischen Vereinigung (Das zweite Geologenarchiv). In German. Abstract, Geologische Rundschau, 63: 1-22.

The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA: Science > Systematics and Evolution > Botany > Paleobotany. The collection of Henry Steinhauer!

! M. Philippe (2021): Three early plant taphonomy experiments (1833-1836). Open access, Acta Palaeobotanica, 61: 187–194

T.L. Phillips et al. (1973): Development of paleobotany in the Illinois Basin. In PDF, Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 480. (e.g. about H.R. Schoolcraft, D.D. Owen, A.H. Worthen, L. Lesquereux, E.H. Sellards, C.D. White, Jackson, Foerste, A.C. Noé, T.K. Just, coal-ball studies).
Still available via Internet Archive Wayback Machine.

Christian Pott, Forschungsstelle für Paläobotanik, Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany: Lunz - a famous flora. Triassic (Carnian) macroplant remains from Austria. Snapshot taken by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine. Go to:
Literature concerning the Lunz flora and adjacent aspects. An extensive bibliography.

Ernst Probst, Fossilien-News: Pioniere der Urzeitforschung. Biographies in a nutshell of palaeontology pioneers (in German).
Still available via Internet Archive Wayback Machine.

G. Racki (2020): Volcanism as a prime cause of mass extinctions: Retrospectives and perspectives. PDF file, in Adatte, T., Bond, D.P.G., and Keller, G., (eds.): Mass Extinctions, Volcanism, and Impacts: New Developments: Geological Society of America Special Paper 544, p. 1–34. Special Paper, 544. See likewise here.
Note figure 9: Major geologic processes contributing to widespread oceanic anoxia, in a broad conceptual setting of the global system.
Figure 10: Volcanic super-greenhouse (“summer”) scenario.
"... In recent models of earth-system crises, the correlation between the major Phanerozoic mass extinctions and large igneous provinces has been well established
[...] the killing effectiveness of volcanic cataclysm should be viewed not only by the large igneous province size but also by their host geology, magma plumbing system, and eruption dynamics ..."

Frank Reimers (2007): Das Geologenarchiv an der Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg (in German). PDF file, Bibliotheksdienst, 41.
Now available by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
See also "Liste der Nachlässe", Geologen-Archiv, Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg (in German).

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology: Go to: Volume 50, Issues 1-2 (1987). Some articles (some abstracts available) about the development and history of palaeobotany.

! James B. Riding and Jane E. Kyffin-Hughes (2004): A review oft the laboratory preparation of palynomorphs with a description of an effective non-acid technique. PDF file, Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 7: 13-44. Including a review of laboratory techniques on page 2.

! Mark Ridley (2004): Evolution (Third edition). In PDF. 786 pages, Blackwell Publishing company. See likewise here (Google books), or there.
Note especially:
Chapter 1.3, "A short history of evolutionary biology", Start at PDF-page 33.
! Part 5, Macroevolution. Chapter 18, "The History of Life", Start at PDF-page 558.
About plant evolution note:
Chapter 3, "The Evidence for Evolution", Start at PDF-page 43.
Chapter 14, "Speciation", Start at PDF-page 416.
Chapter 19, "Evolutionary Genomics", Start at PDF-page 591.

H.-G. Röhling et al. (2023): 175 Jahre Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft – Geologische Vereinigung und 150 Jahre Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe – die Entwicklung von der Gründung ihrer Vorläufereinrichtungen bis heute. Free access, in German. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 174: 167-176.

M. Romano (2015): Reviewing the term uniformitarianism in modern Earth sciences. In PDF, Earth-Science Reviews, 148: 65–76.
See likewise here.

! G. Rouhan and M. Gaudeul (2014): Plant taxonomy: a historical perspective, current challenges, and perspectives. Abstract, Molecular Plant Taxonomy, pp. 1-37; In: Pascale, B. (ed.), Molecular Plant Taxonomy: Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 1115. See also here (in PDF), and there.

O. Rösler (1978): Advances in Palaeobotany and Allied Sciences in Brazil. PDF file.
Website outdated. The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

R. Rößler (1999): Sächsische und thüringische Kieselhölzer - Funde und Sammlungen an der Wiege der Geowissenschaften PDF file, in German.

! Gar Rothwell, 2016 (starting on PDF page 17): A brief pictorial history of IOP (International Organisation of Palaeobotany). In PDF, IOP Newsletter 111: (PDF page 17), International Organisation of Palaeobotany.

M.J.S. Rudwick (2018): Functional Morphology in Paleobiology: Origins of the Method of ‘Paradigms’. Open access, Journal of the History of Biology, 51: 135–178.

M.J.S. Rudwick (2018): The Fate of the Method of ‘Paradigms’ in Paleobiology. Open access, Journal of the History of Biology, 51: 479–533.

John Rushin, Missouri Western State University:
History of Plant Taxonomy.
Powerpoint presentation.

Michael C. Rygel and Brian C. Shipley: "Such a section as never was put together before": Logan, Dawson, Lyell, and mid-Nineteenth-Century measurements of the Pennsylvanian Joggins section of Nova Scotia (PDF file). From the Atlantic Geology volume on the classic Carboniferous site at Joggins, Nova Scotia.

! Julius Sachs (1906): History of botany (1530-1860). PDF file, 34 MB! See also here, and there (Google books, limited preview).

V.L. Santucci et al. (2023): The price of neglect: Revisiting Fossil Cycad National Monument (1922–1957). Free access, Parks Stewardship Forum, 40.
"... Previously unknown records continue to emerge, helping to expand and reshape the understanding of the monument’s unfortunate history, and also raising new questions. Some of the newly uncovered information is presented here ..."

V. Sarigül (2024): The curious case of Karl Nagalhard and the central European influence on the early studies on the Cenozoic paleobotany in Turkey. Open access, Episodes, Journal of International Geoscience.

! William A.S. Sarjeant (2002): "As chimney-sweepers, come to dust": a history of palynology to 1970. See here page 273, In: David Roger Oldroyd (ed.), The Earth Inside and Out: Some Major Contributions to Geology in the Twentieth Century (Google books).
See also here. Abstract, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 192: 273-327. Excellent!

Schmidt, Diane, Allison, Melody M., Clark, Kathleen A., Jacobs, Pamela F. and Porta, Maria A., Libraries Unlimited (a member of the Greenwood Publishing Group): Guide to Reference and Information Sources in Plant Biology. This directory contains the URLs and annotations for Web-accessible resources. Go to:
History and Biography.

Curtis P. Schuh, The Mineralogical Record, Inc.: Annotated Bio-Bibliography of Mineralogy and Crystallography (1469-1919). Including some palaeontologists and biologists. Alphabetical or chronological search. Superbly done!

Science Encyclopedia (Net Industries). History of botany.

D.H. Scott (1909): Darwin and Modern Science: The Palaeontological Record: Plants. In: A.C. Seward (ed.): Darwin and Modern Science. Edited by A. C. Seward, website hosted by "The Unofficial Stephen Jay Gould Archive".
Still available via Internet Archive Wayback Machine.

Michon Scott: Strange Science. The rocky road to modern Paleontology and Biology. This website is an eclectic collection of old illustrations and information about the history of palaeontology or biology. Superby done! See especially:
! Biographies of Palaeontologists.
! Timeline History of Palaeontology. Also worth checking out:
Goof Gallery. Curious missteps in biology and paleontology are featured here.

! M.H. Schweitzer (2023): Paleontology in the 21st Century. Free access, Biology, 12, 487. https:// doi.org/10.3390/biology12030487.

Peter von Sengbusch, Hamburg: Botany: The History of a Science.
Now provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Senckenberg world of biodiversity Frankfurt, Görlitz, Dresden. Three natural history museums and six research institutes in Germany achieve research in bio- and geosciences under the roof of the Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung (SGN). Go to: Paläobotanik Frankfurt am Main und Geschichte der Dresdner Paläobotanik (in German). See also:
History of Botany at Senckenberg. PDF file, by S. Dressler and G.Zizka (2005).

! T. Servais et al. (2012): Paleontology in France: 200 years in the footsteps of Cuvier and Lamarck. See also here (in PDF).

T. Servais et al. (2012): Paleontology in France: 200 years in the footsteps of Cuvier and Lamarck. Palaeontologia Electronica, 15.

Thomas Servais and Charles Wellman (2004): New directions in Palaeozoic palynology. Abstract, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 130: 1-15.

! A.C. Seward (1963). Reprint of the second edition: Plant life through the ages: a geological and botanical retrospect. including 9 reconstructions of ancient landscapes drawn for the author by Edward Vulliamy. 603 p., New York; Hafner. Go to: Historical Sketch.

A.C. Seward (1919): Recent Paleobotany in Great Britain.In PDF, Science. Provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Mukund Sharma (2002): Palaeontology in India at crossroads. PDF file, CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 83. See also:
H.M. Kapoor and H.K. Maheshwari (2002): Palaeontology in India at cross roads: a comment. PDF file, CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 83.

O.A. Shevchuk et al. (2024): The palaeobotanical heritage of Ukraine and its endangered status following the Russian military invasion. Free access, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 331.
"... rich and scientifically important fossils of early multicellular organisms have been documented from the Ediacaran, early land plants from the Silurian–Devonian, coal-forming floras from the Carboniferous, typical postextinction recovery vegetation and coal swamp forests from the Triassic and Jurassic, and well-preserved angiosperms and conifers from the Cretaceous and Cenozoic
[...] The impact of the war on Ukrainian museums and scientific collections has implications for how fossil specimens are stored and what procedures are enacted to preserve collections in other parts of the world in the event of war, civil disturbance, or natural disasters ..."

! S.H. Shiu and M.D. Lehti-Shiu (2024): Assessing the evolution of research topics in a biological field using plant science as an example. In PDF, SH Shiu, MD Lehti-Shiu Plos Biology, 22. e3002612. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002612.
See likewise here.
"... Using plant biology as an example, we used machine learning and language models to classify plant science citations into topics representing interconnected, evolving subfields. The changes in prevalence of topical records over the last 50 years reflect shifts in major research trends
[...] Unlike other early topics, topic 78 (paleobotany and plant evolution studies, the last topic in Fig 3B) experienced a resurgence in the early 2000s due to the development of new approaches and databases and changes in research foci ..."

Sisley Garden Tour: Directory of botanists, plantsmen, landscapers, gardeners and writers of note.
The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

B. Slodkowska and M. Ziembinska-Tworzydlo (2022): Polish Palaeobotany: 750 Million Years of Plant History as Revealed in a Century of Studies. Research on the Paleogene and Neogene (Tertiary). In PDF, Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 91.
See likewise here.

! Charles H. Smith (Library Public Services, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green), Joshua Woleben, and Carubie Rodgers: Some Biogeographers, Evolutionists and Ecologists: Chrono-Biographical Sketches. Go to:
Listing by Discipline. Scroll down to "paleobotany", or "botany" (including palaeobotany).

Edith L. Smoot and Thomas N. Taylor (1985): Paleobotany: Recent developments and future research directions. Abstract, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 50: 149-162.

M. Somssich (2022): A Short history of plant light microscopy. Current Protocols, 2: e577. doi: 10.1002/cpz1.577

C. Strullu-Derrien et al. (2023): Insights into palaeobotany. Abstract, Botany Letters, DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2023.2200293
Note figure 1: Reconstruction of the Eocene flora from Anjou.

Qi-Gao Sun (2005): The rise of Chinese palaeobotany, emphasizing the global context. Abstract, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 241: 293-298.

H.C. Sze (1960): Recent Advances in Chinese Palaeobotany and Invertebrate Palaeontology. Abstract, Scientia Sinica 9.

J. Szwejkowski (1974): Polish Botany in 1944-1974. In PDF, Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae.

M. Tamborini (2022): A Plea for a New Synthesis: From Twentieth-Century Paleobiology to Twenty-First-Century Paleontology and Back Again. Free access, Biology, 11: https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11081120.

Thomas N. Taylor and Edith L. Smoot (1984): Paleobotany (Benchmark Papers in Systematic and Evolutionary Biology). Citation by Woldcat.
"Benchmark papers in systematic and evolutionary biology, 7", published by Van Nostrand Reinhold, Scientific and Academic Editions, New York.
See also here (book announcement by Amazon).

J.C. Thackray et al. (1990): History of Palaeontology. (in PDF). In: D.E.G. Briggs and P.R. Crowther: Palaeobiology, a Synthesis.
Website outdated. The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Erich Thenius (1985): 40 Jahre Paläontologie an der Universität Wien (1945-1984). PDF file (in German), Jb. Geol. B., 128: 227-239. Concerning palaeobotany in Vienna see page 228 (PDF page 2).
Still available via Internet Archive Wayback Machine.

B.A. Thomas (2009): Darwin and plant fossils. PDF file, The Linnean, 25.

Barry A. Thomas (2005): The Later 19th Century and Into the 20th Century. The palaeobotanical beginnings of geological conservation: with case studies from the USA, Canada and Great Britain. 250-word extract, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 241: 5-110.

! Alfred Traverse, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, and Herbert J. Sullivan, Amoco Canada Petroleum Co., Ltd. Calgary, Alberta, Canada: The Background, Origin, and Early History of the American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists. History of Palynology; Palynology 7: 7-18 (1983).See also:
Biographies & Histories of Palynology. Including the link directory: "History of Palynology").
These expired links are available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

A. Traverse (1960): History of the Paleobotanical Section of the Botanical Society of America. Excerpted from Plant Science Bulletin, vol. 6, number 3, p. 1.
Still available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Alfred Traverse, H. Tate Ames and William Spackman (1970): The Catalog of fossil spores and pollen: History and status. Abstract, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 10: 165-173.

! M.J. Tyler et al. (2023): Calamities causing loss of museum collections: a historical and global perspective on museum disasters. In PDF, Zootaxa, 5230: 153–178.
See also here and there.

Gian Battista Vai (2009): Light and shadow: the status of Italian geology around 1807. PDF file, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 317: 179-202.
Now recovered from the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

S.W. Veatch and H.W. Meyer (2008); Start on PDF-page 12: History of paleontology at the Florissant fossil beds, Colorado. PDF file, In: Meyer, H.W., and Smith, D.M., eds., Paleontology of the Upper Eocene Florissant Formation, Colorado. The Geological Society of America, Special Paper 435: 1-18.
See also here.

B.S. Venkatachala (1991): Palaeobotany in India: The post-Sahni era in retrospect. First page only, Current science, 61: 586-593.

VTX Datacomm AG, Switzerland: Biografies of Life-Scientists.
Now provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Bettina Wahrig and Andreas Steinsieck, German National Committee International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science Division of History of Science: History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Germany 2005-2008. PDF file, in German.
Snapshot provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Harald Walther, Dresden: Dr. sc. nat. Dr. phil. h. c. Hans Prescher (08. 05. 1926 - 29.09. 1996) zum 75. Geburtstag. PDF file, in German. Some facts of palaeobotany history in the former German Democratic Republic.

Harald Walther and Lutz Kunzmann (2008): Zur Geschichte der paläobotanischen Forschung im Weißelsterbecken Abstract, PDF file, in German. Z. dt. Ges. Geowiss., 159: 13-21.

! Lester F. Ward (1885): Sketch of paleobotany. (PDF file, 4.8 MB). Scroll to to: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, Page 368, PDF page 16. Biographies of Scheuchzer, Schlotheim, Sternberg, Brongniart, Witham, Göppert, Corda, Geinitz, Binney, Unger, Schimper, Williamson, Lesquereux, Dawson, Heer, Bunbury, Massalongo, Ettingshausen, Newberry, Schenk, Saporta, Carruthers.
See also here, and there.

! J. Watson (2010; start on PDF page 72): Pteridophytes in the English Mesozoic. In PDF, Pteridologist.

Joan Watson, Palaeobotany Laboratory, University of Manchester: The Fate of Three University Schools of Palaeobotany/Palynology. One hundred and fifty years of palaeobotany at Manchester University. Abstract, Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 2005; v. 241; p. 229-257.

A.D. Watt (1970): Catalog of the Illustrated Paleozoic Plant Specimens in the National Museum of Natural History. PDF file, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 5; 53 pages.

Alfred Wegener, Braunschweig 1929: Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane (in German). See also here. 254 pages. The www.biolib.de project, Kurt Stüber, Max Planck Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Köln.

I. Werneburg (2023): Fossile Pflanzen. Die Paläobotanische Schausammlung in Tübingen (1983 bis 2017). PDF file, in German. Chelyops, Berichte aus der Paläontologischen Sammlung in Tübingen, 2: 139-178.
! Note the depicted specimens in the photo documentation (plates) on pages 156-178 (PDF pages 18-40).

I. Werneburg (2021): Ein Stück Kulturgeschichte. Zur Entwicklung der Paläontologischen Sammlung Tübingen. PDF file, in German. In: B. Engler and E. Seidl (eds.): Aus der Tiefenzeit. Die Paläontologische Sammlung der Universität Tübingen. Schriften des Museums der Universität Tübingen MUT, 20.

I. Werneburg and M. Böhme (2018): The Palaeontologial Collection of Tübingen. In PDF. Note also here.
In L.A. Beck, U. Joger (eds.), Paleontological Collections of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, Natural History Collection. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77401-5_52. Worth checking out:
Table of contents (57 chapters).

P.J. Whybrow (1985): A history of fossil collecting and preparation techniques. In PDF.

Wiadomosci Botaniczne, 50, (2006): Portraits of Polish Botanists. Some pictures of palaeobotanists. (PDF file, in Polish).

G.R. Wieland (1919): The Needs of Paleobotany. In PDF, Science.
See also here.

! Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Paleobotany and the origin of the word paleontology.

! Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
List of years in paleontology. These entries cover events related to the study of paleontology which occurred in the listed year. Go to:
! 2017 in paleontology. Excellent! See especially:
! 2016 in paleobotany.
! 2017 in paleobotany. These websites records new taxa of fossil plants that are scheduled to be described during the year 2017, as well as other significant discoveries and events.

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
A history of palynology.

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
History of Botany, and here; See also
Geschichte der Botanik (in German). Actually web lists of biographies, and
List of biologists. See also:
Kategorie:Archäobotaniker (in German).
! Kategorie:Paläontologe. An index of palaeontologists.

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Paleontology.
Paleobiology.
! Category:Paleontology.
Paläontologie (in German).
Paläobiologie (in German).
! Kategorie:Paläontologie (in German).
Category:History of paleontology.
Category:Paleontology timelines.
Kategorie:Geschichte der Paläontologie (in German).
Origin of life.
History of paleontology. See especially: Paleobotany and the origin of the word paleontology.
Kategorie:Paläobotanik in German).
List of paleontologists.
Liste von Paläontologen (in German).
List of geologists.

Wikisource: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Palaeobotany.

Wikispecies: Pages in category "Paleobotanists".

D.M. Wilkinson (2012): Paleontology and Ecology: Their Common Origins and Later Split. In PDF.
In: J. Louys (ed.): Paleontology in Ecology and Conservation.
See also here (in PDF, slow download, 277 pages) and there.

C.F. Winkler (2000): The Netherlands palaeontological heritage. PDF file.
The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Ewan Wolff, Montana State University Geoscience Education Web Development Team: Advances in Paleontology.
Still available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Steven J. Wolf, Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Stanislaus: Flowering Plants. Lecture notes. Go to: History of Plant Taxonomy.
These expired links are now available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

www.botany.ch: History of Botany. A link directory.
Provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

X. Xu et al. (2010): Recent advances in Chinese palaeontology. Free access, Proc. R. Soc. B, 277: 161–164. See also here.

A.I. Zhamoida (2006): Ninety Years of the Paleontological Society. Abstract, Paleontological Journal (Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal), 40: 687-696. The history of the Russian (later All-Union and All-Russia) Paleontological Society in brief.

J. Zhang et al. (2023): Editorial: Frontiers in the study of ancient plant remains. In PDF, Front. Plant Sci., 14: 1177435. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1177435.

Z. Zhou (2022): The Rising of Paleontology in China: A Century-Long Road. Free access, Biology, 11.

! Karl Alfred von Zittel (1901) (translated by Maria Matilda Gordon). History of geology and palaeontology to the end of the nineteenth century. PDF file, 57 MB! Fossil Plants on page 368 ff. (Pdf page 408). See also here.

H. Zoller (1968): History of palaeobotany and palynology in Switzerland. Abstract, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 7: 81-98.

! Institut für Geschichte, Technikgeschichte, ETH Zentrum ADM, Zürich: Geschichte der Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Schwerpunkt 19. Jhd. (in German). A bibliography about the history of geology and palaeontology (starting on Acrobat page 2), focussed on the 19th century (PDF file).
Now recovered from the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

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