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High Dynamic Range Imaging (HDR) Image Processing Imaging Fossils Using UV-Light (Black-Light Photography) X-ray Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Microtomography (CT Scanning, XTM) including Synchrotron X-ray Tomographic Microscopy (SRXTM) Raman Spectroscopy Writing, Translating and Drawing Geostatistics Making Thin Sections ! Three-Dimensionally Preserved Plant Compression Fossils@

! L. Barlow et al. (2020): Laser-stimulated fluorescence reveals unseen details in fossils from the Solnhofen Limestone (Upper Jurassic, Bavaria, Germany). In PDF, ResearchSquare.com.

D.E. Quiroz Cabascango (2023): Plant Macrofossils from the Aftermath of the End-Triassic Extinction, Skåne, Southern Sweden. Free access, Thesis, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University.
Note figure 11: Epidermal cells and stomata of conifers of Brachyphyllum sp. under fluorescence microscopy.

P. Debertolis and N. Earl (2014): Forensic Imaging in Anthropology. In PDF, Human And Social Sciences at the Common Conference, 2014.

! N.K. Dhami et al. (2023): Microbially mediated fossil concretions and their characterization by the latest methodologies: a review. Free access, Front. Microbiol. 14: 1225411. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225411.
Note figure 1: The three broad modes of fossilization.
Figure 5: Schematic of photic zone euxinia conditions, calcium carbonate concretion formation and in-situ fossilization, demonstrating the complex eogenetic (water column) and diagenetic (sediment/water interface) processes which can be interpreted from molecular biomarkers.
Figure 6: Visual representation of the factors involved in formation of iron carbonate concretions in freshwater influenced environments.
! Figure 7: Flow diagram for analytical methods applicable to microbial fossil concretions, modern and ancient.
! Table 2: Brief summary of the various analytical techniques applicable to concretion analysis, as discussed in this review.
"... we provide a comprehensive account of organic geochemical, and complimentary inorganic geochemical, morphological, microbial and paleontological, analytical methods, including recent advancements, relevant to the characterization of concretions and sequestered OM [organic matter] ..."

A.R. Falk et al. (2016): Laser Fluorescence Illuminates the Soft Tissue and Life Habits of the Early Cretaceous Bird Confuciusornis. Open access, PLoS ONE, 11: e0167284.

M. Frese et al. (2017): Imaging of Jurassic fossils from the Talbragar Fish Bed using fluorescence, photoluminescence, and elemental and mineralogical mapping. Open access, PLoS ONE, 12: e0179029.
"... Closer inspection of a plant leaf (Pentoxylon australicum White, 1981) establishes fluorescence as a useful tool for the visualisation of anatomical details that are difficult to see under normal light conditions".

! C. Haug et al. (2009): New Methods to Document Fossils from Lithographic Limestones of Southern Germany and Lebanon. PDF file, Palaeontologia Electronica, 12.

! T.G. Kaye et al. (2015): Laser-Stimulated Fluorescence in Paleontology. Open access, PLoS ONE 10(5): e0125923.

! H. Kerp and B. Bomfleur (2011): Photography of plant fossils - New techniques, old tricks. In PDF, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 166: 117-151.
See also here (abstract with reduced figures and plates).

! J.W. Lichtman and J.A. Conchello (2005): Fluorescence microscopy. In PDF. Nature methods, 2: 910–919. See likewise here.

! L. Luthardt et al. (2023): Cycadodendron galtieri gen. nov. et sp. nov.: An Early Permian Gymnosperm Stem with Cycadalean Affinity. Free access, International Journal of Plant Sciences, 184.
Note figure 10: Details of cycad-specific stem-anatomical features.
"... Cycadodendron galtieri gen. nov. et sp. nov. represents a petrified cycad stem of early Permian age providing the oldest-known evidence of cycad anatomy.
[...] The broad anatomical similarities of C. galtieri with other fossil and extant cycads demonstrate the early evolution of various cycad-specific anatomical features in the lower Permian ..."

D.E. Quiroz Cabascango (2023): Plant Macrofossils from the Aftermath of the End-Triassic Extinction, Skåne, Southern Sweden. Free access, Thesis, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University.

! A. Richards (2010): Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging for Forensics Applications. In PDF, Santa Barbara, 2010.

! L.J. Seyfullah et al. (2024): Detection of in situ resinous traces in Jurassic conifers from floras lacking amber. Free access, Fossil Imprint, 80: 68–76.
See likewise here.
"... We identified [...] resin traces in leaves that were only visible via autofluorescence with UV light. These resinous traces likely define the former position of resin canals in the leaves, but the resin is not preserved as in situ rods. Instead, it has impregnated the coalified mesophyll, likely during fossilization, to form thin lines (chemical ‘ghosts’ of preserved resin) within the conifer leaf remains ..."

C.S. Shi et al. (2013): Characterization of the stem anatomy of the Eocene fern Dennstaedtiopsis aerenchymata (Dennstaedtiaceae) by use of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Free access, American Journal of Botany, 100: 1626–1640.

M. Slodownik et al. (2023): Chasing a ghost through Gondwana's history–the fossil record of the 'seed fern' Komlopteris. Open access, Australasian Systematic Botany Society Newsletter, 196: 9-12.
! Note figure 1B, C: UV fluorescence image of a frond.

M. Slodownik et al. (2023): Komlopteris: A persistent lineage of post-Triassic corystosperms in Gondwana. Free access, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 317.
! Note figure Plate 1, fig. 3, 4: UV- fluorescence photographs.
! Plate 2: UV fluorescence images.

M.R. Stoneman et al. (2024): Two-photon excitation fluorescence microspectroscopy protocols for examining fluorophores in fossil plants. Open access, Communications Biology, 7.
"... Fossil plant fluorescence, from original fluorophores or formed during fossilization, can offer valuable insights into fluorescence in ancient plants and fossilization processes. In this work, we utilize two-photon fluorescence microspectroscopy to spatially and spectrally resolve the fluorescence emitted by amber-embedded plants, leaf compressions, and silicified wood ..."

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Fluorescence.
Category:Fluorescence.
Category:Fluorescence techniques.
Category:Optical microscopy techniques.
! Fluorescence microscope.

! R. Williams and G. Williams (2005): Ultraviolet, Infrared & Fluorescence Photography. In PDF, Medical and Scientific Photography, 2005.

! K. Wolkenstein and G. Arp (2021): Taxon- and senescence-specific fluorescence of colored leaves from the Pliocene Willershausen Lagerstätte, Germany. Open access, PalZ.