Home / All about Upper Triassic / Early Triassic Floras

! A.M.B. Abu Hamad et al. (2012): The record of Triassic charcoal and other evidence for palaeo-wildfires: Signal for atmospheric oxygen levels, taphonomic biases or lack of fuel? In PDF, International Journal of Coal Geology, 96–97: 60–71.
See also here (abstract).

! Friedrich August von Alberti (1834): Beitrag zu einer Monographie des bunten Sandsteins, Muschelkalks und Keupers und die Verbindung dieser Gebilde zu einer Formation. Hosted by Hathi Trust Digital Library, a collaboration of universities of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation and the University of California system to establish a repository for their digitized collections.

B. Bomfleur et al. (2011): Macrofossil evidence for pleuromeialean lycophytes from the Triassic of Antarctica. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. PDF file. See also here.

V. Borruel-Abadía et al. (2015): Climate changes during the Early–Middle Triassic transition in the E. Iberian plate and their palaeogeographic significance in the western Tethys continental domain. In PDF, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 440: 671–689.
See also here.

S. Bourquin et al. (2011): The Permian-Triassic transition and the onset of Mesozoic sedimentation at the northwestern peri-Tethyan domain scale: palaeogeographic maps and geodynamic implications. In PDF, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 299: 265-280.

BOTTJER, David J., Department of Earth Sciences, Univ of Southern California, Los Angeles: THE EARLY TRIASSIC AND THE SUPERCONTINENT CYCLE. Abstract, 2004 Denver GSA Annual Meeting (November 7-10, 2004).

S. Bourquin et al. (2007): The Permian-Triassic boundary and Early Triassic sedimentation in Western European basins: an overview. PDF file, Journal of Iberian Geology, 33: 221-236. See also here.

! B. Cascales-Miñana and C.J. Cleal (2012): Plant fossil record and survival analyses. In PDF, Lethaia, 45: 71-82. See also here (abstract).

B. Chaloner and G. Creber, Royal Holloway, University of London (website hosted by The International Organisation of Palaeobotany, IOP): Unexpected occurrences, An unexpected exposure: Pleuromeia.
Now recovered from the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Chumakov N.M. and Zharkov M.A., Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia: Climate during Permian-Triassic Biosphere Reorganizations, Article 1: Climate of the Early Permian. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, Vol. 10, No. 6, 2002, pp. 586-602. Translated from Stratigrafiya. Geologicheskaya Korrelyatsiya, Vol. 10, No. 6, 2002, pp. 62-81. See also:
Climate during the Permian-Triassic Biosphere Reorganizations. Article 2: Climate of the Late Permian and Early Triassic: General Inferences. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2003, pp. 361-375. Translated from Stratigrafiya. Geologicheskaya Korrelyatsiya, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2003, pp. 55-70. PDF files.

N.M. Chumakov and M.A. Zharkov (2003): Climate during the Permian-Triassic biosphere reorganizations. Article 2. Climate of the Late Permian and Early Triassic: general inferences. PDF file, Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 11: 361-375. Translated from Stratigrafiya. Geologicheskaya Korrelyatsiya, 11: 55-70.

Clare Davies et al. (2010): Deposition in the Kuznetsk Basin, Siberia: Insights into the Permian-Triassic transition and the Mesozoic evolution of Central Asia. Abstract, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 295: 307-322.

S. Deng et al. (2022): A new species of Pleuromeia (Lycopsid) from the upper Middle Triassic of Northern China and discussion on the spatiotemporal distribution and evolution of the genus. Abstract, Geobios.
"... Spatiotemporal distribution of Pleuromeia indicates that the genus first appeared in the Induan (Early Triassic) in North China, occurred widespread and flourished in both Laurasia and Gondwana during the Olenekian (late Early Triassic), declined from the Anisian (early Middle Triassic), survived in the Ladinian in North China, and may have gone extinct as early as the end of the Middle Triassic. ..."

Maarten J. de Wit, Joy G. Ghosh, Stephanie de Villiers, Nicolas Rakotosolofo, James Alexander, Archana Tripathi, and Cindy Looy: Multiple Organic Carbon Isotope Reversals across the Permo-Triassic Boundary of Terrestrial Gondwana Sequences: Clues to Extinction Patterns and Delayed Ecosystem Recovery. Journal of Geology, vol. 110, no.2, pp.227-246, 2002.

! W.A. DiMichele et al. (2008): The so-called "Paleophytic-Mesophytic" transition in equatorial Pangea. Multiple biomes and vegetational tracking of climate change through geological time. PDF file, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 268: 152-163. See also here (abstract), and there (still available via Internet Archive Wayback Machine).
! "... the evidence for a global “Paleophytic” vs. “Mesophytic” “vegetation” is simply unsubstantiated by the fossil record.
[...] The vegetational changes occurring in the late Paleozoic thus can be understood best when examined as spatial–temporal changes in biome-scale species pools responding to major global climate changes, locally and regionally manifested. ..."

I.A. Dobruskina (1987): Phytogeography of Eurasia during the early triassic. Abstract.

Dan Dorritie, Berkeley Echo Lake Camp: Killer in our midst. Go to: Early Triassic Aftermath 1, and Early Triassic Aftermath 2.

Earth System Processes - Global Meeting (June 24-28, 2001) Edinburgh: Session No. T7 Tuesday, June 26, 2001; Global Change in the Late Paleozoic. Abstracts.

! S. Feist-Burkhardt et al. (2008): 13 Triassic (starting on page 749). In: Tom McCann (ed.): The Geology of Central Europe: Mesozoic and Cenozoic: Vol. 2. The Geological Society, London..

Z. Feng et al. (2018): A conifer-dominated Early Triassic flora from Southwest China. In PDF, Science Bulletin, 63: 1462–1463.

Bruce W. Fouke, Department of Geology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: History of Life. Lecture notes. This introductory course is an overview of the successive stages of development of life on Earth over the last 3.8 billion years, which includes all forms of life from bacteria to dinosaurs and humans. Go to: Early Mesozoic 1. Scroll down to: "Terrestrial Flora."

R. Fuglewicz (1973): Megaspores of Polish Buntersandstein and their stratigraphic significance. PDF file, Acta palaeont pol, 18: 401-453.

J.-C. Gall and L. Grauvogel-Stamm (2005): The early Middle Triassic "Grès à Voltzia" Formation of eastern France: a model of environmental refugium. Free access, C. R. Palevol, 4: 637-652.

R.A. Gastaldo and M.W. Rolerson (2008): Katbergia gen. nov., a new trace fossil from Upper Permian and Lower Triassic rocks of the Karoo Basin: Implications for palaeoenvironmental conditions at the P/Tr extinction event. Free access, Palaeontology, 51: 215-229.

GASTALDO, Robert A., ADENDORFF, Rose, BAMFORD, Marion, LABANDEIRA, Conrad, NEVELING, Johann, and SIMS, Hallie: TAPHONOMIC TRENDS OF MACROFLORAL ASSEMBLAGES ACROSS THE PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY IN THE KAROO BASIN, SOUTH AFRICA. Abstract, 2004 Denver Annual Meeting (November 7-10, 2004.

Anna Goodwin, Jon Wyles and Alex Morley, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol: The palaeofiles, The end-Permian mass extinction. Go to: What life was present, Vascular plants.
These expired links are now available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

L. Grauvogel-Stamm and S.R. Ash (2005): Recovery of the Triassic land flora from the end-Permian life crisis. Abstract, C. R. Palevol, 4.

! L. Grauvogel-Stamm and B. Lugardon, (2001): The Triassic Lycopsids Pleuromeia and Annalepis: Relationships, Evolution, and Origin. PDF file, American Fern Journal 91: 115-149.
See also here.
Note fig. 2: Comparative growth habit of the Paleozoic and Triassic Pleuromeia-like lycopsids and the extant Isoetes.
Fig. 6. Comparative morphology of the sporophylls of the Annalepis-type and related genera.

L. Grauvogel-Stamm and L. Grauvogel (1980): Morphologie et anatomie d'Anomopteris mougeotii Brongniart (synonyme - Pecopteris sulziana Brongniart), une fougère du Buntsandstein supérieur des Vosges (France). PDF file, In: Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin, 33: 53-66. Centenaire W.P. Schimper. Le Museum et l'Université de Strasbourg au 19e siècle.

Mikko Haaramo, Department of Geology, Section of Geology and Palaeontology, University of Helsinki: Late Paleozoic Impacts. Go to: "Cycads and gingko's started to appear in early Late Permian flora...."

! D.W. Haig et al. (2015): Early Triassic (early Olenekian) life in the interior of East Gondwana: mixed marine–terrestrial biota from the Kockatea Shale, Western Australia. In PDF, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 417: 511-533.

! E. Hermann et al. (2012): Climatic oscillations at the onset of the Mesozoic inferred from palynological records from the North Indian Margin. In PDF, Journal of the Geological Society, London, 169: 227-237. See also here.

E. Hermann et al. (2011): Terrestrial ecosystems on North Gondwana following the end-Permian mass extinction. Abstract.

Georg Heumann: Neuropteridium intermedium Schimper et Mougeot 1844 - a pteridophyte from the Upper Buntsandstein of Western Germany. Abstract, Workshop on Permian - Triassic Paleobotany and Palynology, June 16-18, 2005; Natural Science Museum of South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy.

C. Heunisch and H.G. Röhling (2016): Early Triassic phytoplankton episodes in the Lower and Middle Buntsandstein of the Central European Basin. Abstract, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 167. See also here (in PDF).

Carmen Heunisch and Heinz-Gerd Röhling, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Hannover: Permo-Triassic climatic development. Research report (via wayback archive, in German).

Carmen Heunisch, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforschung, Hannover: Die Bedeutung der Palynologie für Biostratigraphie und Fazies in der Germanischen Trias. - In: Hauschke, N. & Wilde, V. (Hrsg.); 1999: Trias - eine ganz andere Welt, Europa am Beginn des Erdmittelalters (via wayback archive, in German).

W.B.K. Holmes (2001): Equisetalean Plant Remains from the Early to Middle Triassic of New South Wales, Australia. In PDF, Records of the Australian Museum, 53: 9-20.
See also here.

Randall B. Irmis and Jessica H. Whiteside (2012): Delayed recovery of non-marine tetrapods after the end-Permian mass extinction tracks global carbon cycle. In PDF, Proc. R. Soc. B, 279: 1310-1318.

Yu Jianxin (2008): Floras and the evolutionary dynamics across the Permian-Triassic boundary nearby the border of Guizhou and Yunnan, South China. Abstract (PDF file).

Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC): Permian - Triassic.
This expired link is available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

F. Käsbohrer et al. (2021): Exkursionsführer zur Geologie des Unteren Buntsandsteins (Untertrias) zwischen Harz und Thüringer Wald. PDF file, in German. Hercynia, 54: 1-64.
! Note fig. 2: Extent of the Central European Basin (CEB) and faciesmap of the Lower Buntsandstein including the Harz Mountains (modified after Geluk 2005and Augutsson et al. 2018).
! Note fig. 7: Views of the giant stromatolite in the former quarry near Benzingerode.

M. Alan Kazlev, Palaeos, The Evolutionary History of Green Plants. This website illustrates the diversity of green plants, according to modern palaeobotanical and paleontological understanding.
Still available via Internet Archive Wayback Machine.

! Kelber, K.-P. (2003): Sterben und Neubeginn im Spiegel der Paläofloren. PDF file (17 MB!), in German. Plant evolution, the fossil record of plants and the aftermath of mass extinction events. pp. 38-59, 212-215; In: Hansch, W. (ed.): Katastrophen in der Erdgeschichte - Wendezeiten des Lebens.- museo 19, Heilbronn.
Please take notice of figure 9 (PDF page 10): A reconstruction of Pleuromeia sternbergii and the in situ occurrence of casts of stems of this species in a red sandstone of the early Triassic Period, combined with a landscape sketch.

Hans Kerp: Permian floras: where does it begin, where does it end? Abstract, Workshop on Permian - Triassic Paleobotany and Palynology, June 16-18, 2005; Natural Science Museum of South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy.
This expired link is now available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Hans Kerp, Abdallah Abu Hamad, Klaus Bandel & Birgit Niemann: A new Upper Permian flora from the Middle East with typical Triassic Gondwana elements. Abstract, The 15th Plant Taphonomy Meeting, Naturalis, National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands, 12-13th November 2004.
Now provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

H. Kerp (1991): Is There Anything More to Say About Keuper and Buntsandstein Floras?. In PDF, Albertiana. A review of: Mader, D. (1990) Palaeoecology of the Flora in Buntsandstein and Keuper in the Triassic of Middle Europe (Fischer, Stuttgart).

D.L. Kidder and T.R. Worsley (2001): Storms in the Late Permian and early Triassic. Abstract, Geological Society of America, 33: 444.
See also here.

E. Kon'no (1973): New species of Pleuromeia and Neocalamites from the Upper Scythian Bed in the Kitakami Massif, Japan. PDF file, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 43.
Still available via Internet Archive Wayback Machine.
See also here.

H.W. Kozur and R.E. Weems (2011): Detailed correlation and age of continental late Changhsingian and earliest Triassic beds: Implications for the role of the Siberian Trap in the Permian-Triassic biotic crisis? Abstract.

L. Krakow and F. Schunke (2016): Current clay potential in Germany Part 4: Raw materials from the Buntsandstein group/Trias system. In PDF, Brick and Tile Industry International, 69.
! Note fig. 1: Palaeogeographic position of the Central European Basin at the time of the Buntsandstein.
fig. 2: Grouping and facies areas of the Central European Basin at the time of the Buntsandstein.
! Note fig. 10: Formation of salt clays in sporadic playa lakes in the arid to semi-arid climate regions.

V.A. Krassilov and E.V. Karasev (2009): Paleofloristic evidence of climate change near and beyond the Permian-Triassic boundary. PDF file, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 284: 326-336.

V.A. Krassilov and E.V. Karasev (2008): First evidence of plant-arthropod interaction at the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Volga Basin, European Russia. PDF file, Alavesia, 2: 247-252.

V.A. Krassilov and Y.D. Zakharov (1975): Pleuromeia from the Lower Triassic of the Far East of the USSR. In PDF, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. See also here.

E. Kustatscher et al. (2014): Floodplain habitats of braided river systems: depositional environment, flora and fauna of the Solling Formation (Buntsandstein, Lower Triassic) from Bremke and Fürstenberg (Germany). Abstract, Palaeobio. Palaeoenv., 94: 237–270. See also here (in PDF).

E. Kustatscher et al. (2006): The Kühwiesenkopf/Monte Pra della Vacca (Prags/Braies Dolomites, Northern Italy): An attempt to reconstruct an Anisian (lower Middle Triassic) palaeoenvironment. PDF file, 9th International Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, 27-29.05.06, Manchester, Abstract and Proceedings Volume, p. 63-66, 164.
The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

E. Kustatscher et al. (2007): Horsetails and seedferns from the Anisian locality Kühwiesenkopf (Dolomites, Northern Italy). Free access, Palaeontology, 50: 1277-1298.

E. Kustatscher et al. (2005): Seedferns and horsetails from the Anisian plant locality Kühwiesenkopf / Monte Prà della Vacca (Dolomites, N-Italy). Abstract, Workshop on Permian - Triassic Paleobotany and Palynology, June 16-18, 2005; Natural Science Museum of South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy.

Evelyn Kustatscher, Johanna van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, Carmen Broglio Loriga and R. Posenato: The Anisian macroflora from Kühwiesenkopf/Monte Prà della Vacca in the Northern Dolomites (Italy). Abstract, The International Plant Taphonomy Meeting 2002, Bonn, Goldfuss Museum, Institute of Paleontology, Germany.
This expired link is available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

C.V. Looy et al. (2021): Proliferation of Isoëtalean Lycophytes During the Permo-Triassic Biotic Crises: A Proxy for the State of the Terrestrial Biosphere. In PDF, Front. Earth Sci. 9: 615370. See also here (open access).

C. Looy and I. Duijnstee (2010), Behind the scenes, Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley: Museum nomads. About Pleuromeia fossils in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin.

Cindy V. Looy, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.: Ecological success of Early Triassic isoetaleans. A reconstruction of Pleuromeia sternbergi from the Early Triassic.
Available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

C. V. Looy¹, W. A. Brugman¹, D. L. Dilcher², and H. Visscher¹. ¹Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University; ²Paleobotany Laboratory, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville: The delayed resurgence of equatorial forests after the Permian-Triassic ecologic crisis. PNAS Online, Vol. 96, Issue 24, 13857-13862, November 23, 1999.

E.D. Lukashevich et al. (2010): The oldest occurrence of immature Diptera (Insecta), Middle Triassic, France. PDF file, Ann. soc. entomol. Fr. (n.s.), 46: 4-22.

McGowan, Alistair J., Ziegler, Alfred M.: PATTERNS OF GLOBAL PLANT DIVERSITY, GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE IN THE PERMIAN AND TRIASSIC.- Abstract, Summit 2000, Reno, Nevada; The Geological Society of America (GSA).
Snapshot provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

M. Mendelin et al. (2022): An Early Triassic Pleuromeia strobilus from Nevada, USA. Open access, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 302.
! Note table 1: Pleuromeia species and their respective in situ micro and macrospores.

M. Morales (1987): Terrestrial fauna and flora from the Triassic Moenkopi Formation of the southwestern United States. In PDF, Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science.

Simon Morten, Matt Robinson, Sally Stephens, and Tim Kerr, Palaeontology Research Group, University of Bristol: The Late Triassic Website. This site, written by 3rd year MSci students, is intended to provide a brief background to Mass Extinction theory, the Triassic, and specifically to the Triassic Mass Extinction. Go to: Ecology of the Triassic. See also: Triassic Plants.

S.V. Naugolnykh (2013): The heterosporous lycopodiophyte Pleuromeia rossica Neuburg, 1960 from the Lower Triassic of the Volga River basin (Russia): organography and reconstruction according to the "Whole-Plant" concept. In PDF, Wulfenia, 20: 1-16.

A.J. Newell et al. (2010): Disruption of playa-lacustrine depositional systems at the Permo-Triassic boundary: evidence from Vyazniki and Gorokhovets on the Russian Platform. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 167: 695-716.

Igor V. Novikov & Andrey G. Sennikov, Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: The Tikhvinskoye continental Early Triassic locality: geological setting, fauna and flora. Abstract, First European Workshop on Vertebrate Palaeontology, Copenhagen.

! J.G. Ogg et al. (2020): The triassic period. In PDF, Geologic Time Scale 2020, Volume 2: 903-953. See also here.
! Note the generalized synthesis of selected Triassic stratigraphic scales in Figs. 25.5-25.7!

La Passion des Minéraux et Fossiles: Les Vosges et l´Alsace à travers les Ages géologiques, L'ère Secondaire (-230 à -65 millions d'années) 32 - Le delta des grès à Voltzia (in French). A reconstruction of Voltzia heterophylla.

J.L. Payne et al. (2006): The Pattern and Timing of Biotic Recovery from the End-Permian Extinction on the Great Bank of Guizhou, Guizhou Province, China. In PDF, Palaios, 21: 63-85.
This expired link is now available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

H.W. Pfefferkorn (2004): The complexity of mass extinction. Commentary, PNAS, 101: 12779-12780.
Take notice of figure 2: A reconstruction of the herbaceous lycopsid Pleuromeia and the in situ occurrence of casts of stems of this species in a red sandstone of the early Triassic Period, combined with a landscape sketch with this plant and a fern species.

Hermann W. Pfefferkorn, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA: Commentary: Recuperation from Mass Extinctions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96.

S.B. Pruss and D.J. Bottjer (2004): Late Early Triassic microbial reefs of the western United States: a description and model for their deposition in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction. In PDF, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 211: 127-137.

! P. McAllister Rees (2002): Land-plant diversity and the end-Permian mass extinction. PDF file, Geology, 30: 827-830. See also here (abstract).

REES, Peter McA., McGOWAN, Alistair J., and ZIEGLER, Alfred M., Dept. of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago: PATTERNS OF GLOBAL PLANT DIVERSITY, GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE IN THE PERMIAN AND TRIASSIC. Abstract, GSA 2000, Reno, Nevada.

Gregory J. Retallack et al.: Multiple Early Triassic greenhouse crises impeded recovery from Late Permian mass extinction. Abstract, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.

G.J. Retallack et al. (2005): The Permian-Triassic boundary in Antarctica. PDF file, Antarctic Science, 17: 241-258.
See also here.

G.J. Retallack (2002): Lepidopteris callipteroides, an earliest Triassic seed fern of the Sydney Basin, southeastern Australia. PDF file, Alcheringa 26:475-500.

! G.J. Retallack and E.S Krull (1999): Landscape ecological shift at the Permian-Triassic boundary in Antarctica. In PDF, Australian Journal of Earth Sciences.
This expired link is available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

! G.J. Retallack (1997): Earliest Triassic origin of Isoetes and quillwort evolutionary radiation. PDF file, Journal of Paleontology, 71: 500-521.
See also here.
! Note figure 1: Comparison of Triassic lycopsid sporophylls.

G.J. Retallack (1995): An early Triassic fossil flora from Culvida Soak, Canning Basin, Western Australia. PDF file, Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 78: 57-66.
Snapshot provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

! G.J. Retallack et al. (1996): Global coal gap between Permian-Triassic extinction and Middle Triassic recovery of peat-forming plants. In PDF, Abstract, Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 108: 195–207.
See also here and there.
"... It is a curious fact that no coal seam of Early Triassic has yet been discovered, and those of Middle Triassic age are rare and thin. ..."
"... we favor explanations involving extinction of peat-forming plants at the Permian-Triassic boundary, followed by a hiatus of some 10 m.y. until newly evolved peat-forming plants developed tolerance to the acidic dysaerobic conditions of wetlands. ..."

G. Retallack (1975): The life and times of a Triassic lycopod. PDF file, Alcheringa.

H.-G. Röhling et al. (2010): Der Buntsandstein. Eine Lebensfeindliche Wüste oder doch mehr? Abstract, in German. Biologie Unserer Zeit, 40: 268-276.

Peter D. Roopnarine et al. (2007): Trophic network models explain instability of Early Triassic terrestrial communities. PDF file, Proc. R. Soc. B, 274: 2077-2086. See also here.

R. Saito et al. (2013): A terrestrial vegetation turnover in the middle of the Early Triassic. Abstract, Global and Planetary Change, 105: 152-159.

Wilhelm Philipp Schimper and Antoine Mougeot (1840, in French):
Monographie des Plantes fossiles du Gres Bigarre de la chaine des Vosges, Premiere Partie, Coniferes et Cycadeés. Planches Tab. I-XVIII, Treuttel et Wurtz, Strasbourg et Paris 1840, p. 1–36.
Wilhelm Philipp Schimper and Antoine Mougeot (1841, in French):
Monographie des Plantes fossiles du Gres Bigarre de la chaine des Vosges, Deuxieme Partie, Monocotyledonées et Acotyledonées. Planches Tab. XIX - XXIX, Treuttel et Wurtz, Strasbourg et Paris 1841, S. 37–59. See also here.

Wilhelm Philipp Schimper and Antoine Mougeot (1844, in French):
Monographie des Plantes fossiles du Grès Bigarré de la chaine des Vosges. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann 1844. 83 pages, 40 plates. See also here (Google books).

E. Schneebeli-Hermann et al. (2014): Vegetation history across the Permian–Triassic boundary in Pakistan (Amb section, Salt Range). Gondwana research, 27: 911-924.
See also here, and there (in PDF).

E. Schneebeli-Hermann et al. (2011): Terrestrial ecosystems during and following the end-Permian mass extinction - or from spore spike to spore spike. In PDF, Swiss Geoscience Meeting 2011.
The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

J.W. Schneider et al. (2014): Excursion Guide: CPC-2014 Field Meeting on Carboniferous and Permian Nonmarine – Marine Correlation July 21st – 27th, Freiberg, Germany. In PDF, TU Freiberg, Institut für Geologie, Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, 46.
Don´t miss chapter 4.1: The Germanic Triassic (PDF page 80).

J.W. Schneider et al. (2014): Part II. The Carboniferous-Permian basins in Saxony, Thuringia, and Saxony-Anhalt of East Germany. In PDF. See also here.

Wenjie Shen et al. (2011): Evidence for wildfire in the Meishan section and implications for Permian-Triassic events. PDF file, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75: 1992-2006.
Website outdated. The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

C.P.A. Smith et al. (2021): Exceptional fossil assemblages confirm the existence of complex Early Triassic ecosystems during the early Spathian. Open access, Scientific Reports, 11.

Hans-Dieter Sues and Nicholas C. Fraser (2010): Triassic life on land: the great transition. Provided by Google books.

Y. Sun et al. (2012): Lethally hot temperatures during the Early Triassic greenhouse. In PDF, Science, 338.
This expired link is now available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
See also here (in PDF) and there (abstract). Also worth to check out:
N. Goudemand et al. (2013): Comment on "Lethally Hot Temperatures During the Early Triassic Greenhouse". Science 339 (6123), 1033.
Y. Sun et al. (2013): Response to Comment on "Lethally Hot Temperatures During the Early Triassic Greenhouse". See also here (in PDF).

STEINER, Maureen B., ESHET, Yoram, RAMPINO, Michael, and SCHWINDT, Dylan M.: SIMULTANEOUS PERMO-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY MARINE AND TERRESTRIAL MASS EXTINCTIONS: THE GLOBAL FUNGAL SPIKE DISCOVERED IN THE KAROO SUPERGROUP (SOUTH AFRICA). Abstract, GSA Annual Meeting, Boston, November 5-8, 2001.

! Edith L. Taylor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas: Paleobotanical Database.&xnbsp; This database contains 48,000+ bibliographic entries in paleobotany, palynology, Antarctic paleobiology and women in science.&xnbsp;Entries are searchable by various ws. Search for "Triassic". Excellent!

R. Todesco et al. (2008): Preliminary report on a new vertebrate track and flora site from Piz da Peres (Anisian-Illyrian): Olang Dolomites, Northern Italy. In PDF, Geo.Alp, 5: 21-137.

Dieter Uhl et al. (2010): Evidence of paleowildfire in the early Middle Triassic (early Anisian) Voltzia Sandstone: The oldest post-Permian macroscopic evidence of wildfire discovered so far. Abstract, PDF file, Palaios, 25: 837-842. See also here.

! D. Uhl et al. (2008): Permian and Triassic wildfires and atmospheric oxygen levels. PDF file, 1st WSEAS International Conference on Environmental and Geological Science and Enginering, Malta.

Birgit Vörding, Abdallah Abu Hamad and Hans Kerp: Cuticular features of Dicroidium from the uppermost Permian of Jordan. Abstract, Workshop on Permian - Triassic Paleobotany and Palynology, June 16-18, 2005; Natural Science Museum of South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy.

Wang Zi-qiang (1996): Recovery of vegetation from the terminal Permian massextinction in North China. Abstract, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 91: 121-142.

P.D. Ward et al. (2011): The terrestrial Permian-Triassic boundary event bed is a nonevent: COMMENT. In PDF.

Q. Wu et al. (2021): High-precision U-Pb age constraints on the Permian floral turnovers, paleoclimate change, and tectonics of the North China block. Free access, Geology. See also here.

! Z. Xu et al. (2022): End Permian to Middle Triassic plant species richness and abundance patterns in South China: Coevolution of plants and the environment through the Permian–Triassic transition. In PDF, Earth-Science Reviews.
See also here.
"... Plant abundance recovery began earlier than the resumption of coal formation which only initiated in the Anisian following its disappearance during the EPPC. Only in the Late Triassic did the flora recover to a level comparable to that seen in the Permian. ..."

Yang Hengren, Wang Zhen, Li Manying, Huang Baoyu, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, (page hosted by Matthew Carrano, Poylglot Paleontologist, English Translations of Non-English Paleontological Literature): Stratigraphic Subdivision, Correlation, Paleofaunas, and Floras of South China Mesozoic to Early Tertiary Red Beds (PDF file). From Mesozoic and Cenozoic Red Beds of South China, Selected Papers from the "Cretaceous-Tertiary Workshop", Nanxiong, Guangdong Province. Edited by the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology, Paleoanthropology & Nanjing Institute of Paleontology Science Press, 1979 pp. 58-78. Translated By Will Downs, Bilby Research Center, Northern Arizona University, May, 1998

J. Yu et al. (2010): Annalepis, a pioneering lycopsid genus in the recovery of the Triassic land flora in South China. In PDF, Comptes Rendus Palevol., 9: 479-486. See also here.

Conghui Xiong and Qi Wang (2011): Permian-Triassic land-plant diversity in South China: Was there a mass extinction at the Permian/Triassic boundary? PDF file, Paleobiology, 37: 157-167.

Jianxin Yu et al. (2010): Annalepis, a pioneering lycopsid genus in the recovery of the Triassic land flora in South China. Abstract, Comptes Rendus Palevol., 9: 479-486.

M.A. Zharkov and N.M. Chumakov, Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia: Paleogeography and Sedimentation Settings during Permian-Triassic Reorganizations in Biosphere (PDF file). Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2001, pp. 340-363. Translated from Stratigrafiya. Geologicheskaya Korrelyatsiya, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2001, pp. 29-54.

! A.M. Ziegler et al. (1993): Early Mesozoic Phytogeography and Climate. Abstract.

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